Actor Johnny Depp, who was in Spain for the San Sebastian Film Festival, dressed as the famous character from the popular "Pirates of the Caribbean" film series and dropped into the Osakidetza Donostia University Hospital.

Depp visited the pediatric and oncology wards, where he interacted with the delighted children and their families.

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A spokesperson from the hospital described the actor’s visit as "exciting, endearing and unforgettable."

"Both the children admitted to the hospital and their families and professionals who were working at that time welcomed him with great enthusiasm and affection," the spokesperson said. 

"In a situation of illness, anyone, but especially children, greatly appreciates a distraction of this magnitude. It was a breath of fresh air, a magical moment in which they forgot about their illness and were transported to the magical world of pirates."

The entire hospital team, the admitted children and their families are all "enormously grateful" for Depp’s visit, the spokesperson said. 

"It has been a pleasure and an honor to have Jack Sparrow with us, a great pirate."

Harpreet Pall, MD, chair of pediatrics at K. Hovnanian Children’s Hospital at Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center, confirmed that a celebrity role model visiting a children’s hospital can have a "meaningful impact" on the patients’ emotional health.

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"Some of the psychological benefits include improved self-esteem and confidence, distraction from illness, improved optimism and a morale boost," Pall told Fox News Digital. 

"A celebrity visit can create excitement and decrease some of the stress of being in the hospital."

The visit can also increase children’s engagement with their health care team, the doctor said, leading to better adherence to the treatment plan. 

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Pall added, "In addition, having a positive outlook and social interaction promotes healing for hospitalized children."

As mpox (formerly monkeypox) has been declared a global public health emergency, some are wondering whether the virus poses the risk of a COVID-like pandemic.

The World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the mpox outbreak a "public health emergency of international concern" on Aug. 14, based on a surge of cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and multiple African countries.

As of Aug. 17, there were 545 reports of mpox cases since the outbreak was declared, 474 of which were confirmed, according to data from WHO.

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Symptoms include a sometimes painful rash on various parts of the body, fever, chills, exhaustion, muscle aches, headache, swollen lymph nodes and respiratory symptoms, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

There are two types of mpox: Clade 1 and Clade 2.

Clade 2 was the strain that caused the 2022 global outbreak, the CDC noted. Survival rates for this type are more than 99.9%.

Clade 1, which is responsible for the current outbreak in the DRC and Africa, causes more severe illness and deaths. 

MONKEYPOX: WHAT YOU MUST KNOW ABOUT THE VIRUS – AND HOW TO PROTECT YOURSELF

"Some outbreaks have killed up to 10% of the people who get sick, although more recent outbreaks have had lower death rates," the CDC noted. 

"The emergence of a new clade of mpox, its rapid spread in eastern DRC, and the reporting of cases in several neighboring countries are very worrying," said WHO Director-General Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus when announcing the public health emergency. 

"On top of outbreaks of other mpox clades in DRC and other countries in Africa, it’s clear that a coordinated international response is needed to stop these outbreaks and save lives."

While health officials have expressed concern about the spread of a new strain of the potentially deadly virus, the consensus is that mpox is not likely to become a pandemic like COVID — primarily because it doesn't spread in the same way.

"Certainly not," said Dr. Daniel Kuritzkes, chief of infectious diseases at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, during a conversation with Fox News Digital.

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"What made COVID so contagious is that it is a respiratory virus spread by aerosols, so that even casual contact — being in the same room with someone for a reasonable period of time — meant you could catch [the virus]" from that person.

Another difference is that COVID is contagious starting from a day or so before someone develops symptoms, Kuritzkes pointed out. 

"By contrast, mpox requires close contact (skin-to-skin) for transmission in the vast majority of cases," he said.

"Rarely, heavily contaminated material such as bedding can be infectious, but people are not going to catch mpox by being on the same bus or running into someone at the grocery store."

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While mpox is far less contagious than COVID, it could potentially cause a "widely distributed epidemic" through sexual contact, according to Kuritzkes.

"HIV is now pandemic (found in all countries across the globe), but as high as the numbers are, it is not transmitted by casual contact," he said. "The same is true of mpox."

Dr. Marc Siegel, senior medical analyst for Fox News and clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center, echoed that mpox is "not the new COVID."

"It spreads via direct contact or sex, and kissing, and very close respiratory droplets, but not over longer distances by respiratory spread," he told Fox News Digital.  

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"Clade 1 is currently in DRC and neighboring African countries," Siegel said. 

"The U.S. has increased surveillance, including wastewater analysis, but there have been no cases [of Clade 1] found here yet." 

Dr. Brad Perkins, chief medical officer at Karius, a California life sciences company focused on saving lives from infectious diseases, reiterated that mpox is "considerably less infectious" for person-to-person spread than COVID-19. 

"Mpox is primarily spread from person-to-person, usually through direct contact, including intimate contact — but on average, there are fewer people who become infected as a result of contact with a mpox case compared to COVID-19," he told Fox News Digital.

"While mpox can affect anyone, data has shown that men who have sex with men are disproportionately impacted, with a notable disease burden among Black and Hispanic men," Perkins noted.

"This highlights the importance of early recognition and diagnosis, in addition to awareness and targeted vaccination of those who are at highest risk."

As with other viral infections, those who are immunocompromised or very young are at the greatest risk of severe infection, according to Kuritzkes.   

"For mpox, the main concern is for people with HIV who are not currently receiving effective antiretroviral therapy," he added.

Even after the infection has cleared, survivors can face long-term effects and complications, Perkins warned.

"Conditions like vision impairment, encephalitis and scarring have been reported," he told Fox News Digital. 

"We need deeper research into characterizing and addressing these long-term sequelae."

To prevent transmission of mpox, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends vaccination for men who are gay, bisexual or have sex with men, are age 18 or older, and have other specific risks.

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Those risks include new diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases and a recent history of multiple sex partners, among others.

"Second, and most obviously, would be to avoid close contact with people who have mpox lesions," said Kuritzkes.

"The big issue is getting the vaccine to the people who need it in Central and West Africa to end the current outbreak."

The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has sent 50,000 doses of the JYNNEOS mpox vaccine to DRC, Siegel noted — "but there is still a worldwide shortage of this vaccine, which will prove crucial to stop the spread, especially if the outbreak widens."

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In addition to the current vaccines and antiviral treatments that are available, Perkins stressed the need for new innovations in mpox diagnostics, therapeutics and preventive measures.

After nearly a decade of keeping it under wraps, Olympic medalist Katie Ledecky has shared her POTS diagnosis with the world.

The athlete, who has won 14 Olympic medals for swimming, the most of any female Olympian, said she has POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome).

In "Just Add Water: My Swimming Life," Ledecky's new memoir, which was published by Simon & Schuster in June, she wrote that the disease can cause "dizziness, fainting and exhaustion."

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Here's more. 

POTS is a disturbance in the autonomic nervous system, which controls some of the normal regulatory functions of the body, according to Dr. Blair Grubb, a cardiologist and expert on POTS at The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences.

"When the person stands, gravity will try to displace downward roughly 20% to 30% of the body's blood volume," he told Fox News Digital. 

In response to this displacement, the brain tells the heart to beat faster and more forcibly, and tells the blood vessels in the lower half of the body to tighten, or constrict, to three times the level they were previously, the doctor said.

"This allows for accumulation of much more blood than normal in the lower half of the body," Grubb said.

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As more blood is displaced downward, the brain gets less and less oxygen. 

Ledecky discussed this effect in her book. She wrote, "I pool blood in the vessels below my heart when I stand. My body then releases extra norepinephrine or epinephrine, which adds additional stressors on my heart, making it beat faster."

Individuals with a genetic trait called Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (also known as joint hypermobility syndrome) appear to be more susceptible to developing this condition, according to Grubb. 

"However, POTS is frequently triggered by a viral infection, such as Epstein-Barr virus or COVID-19," he told Fox News Digital.

One of these infections can trigger an autoimmune response, in which the body's immune system attacks itself and produces antibodies that interfere with the ability of blood vessels to tighten, the doctor said.

POTS can also occur on its own, without any obvious triggers.

A POTS patient’s symptoms will depend on how much blood is displaced downward, experts say.

"It can vary from mild cases where your heart races and you get a little dizzy upon standing, all the way to presenting as a disabling condition, disallowing patients from being upright," Valerie Iovine, PT, a physical therapist at Strive Physical Therapy in Philadelphia, told Fox News Digital.

"It can also change over the course of life, but can also change day to day or week to week."

The disorder’s name — postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome — literally translates to "when you become more upright, your heart races," noted Iovine, who treats many patients with POTS and also has the disorder herself.

"The heart will flutter in an attempt to properly oxygenate the brain," she said. 

"But in addition to the dizziness, headaches, passing out or near passing out, many with this disorder don't realize that it can account for other issues, like temperature dysregulation, blood pressure dysregulation and GI dysfunction."

In more extreme cases, patients may have difficulty thinking, concentrating or remembering — sometimes called brain fog, according to Grubb.

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People may also experience blurred vision, black spots in their visual field, tunnel vision and headache. 

"Even greater displacement of blood can cause the individual to lose consciousness," Grubb said.

The primary treatment for POTS is increasing water and salt intake, Grubb said. 

"It is also important to recondition the patient through exercise, building the strength in their lower extremities," he said.

Some medications, such as midodrine and droxidopa — known as vasoconstrictors — can work to tighten blood vessels and increase blood return to the heart, according to Grubb. 

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Still other drugs, such as fludrocortisone or desmopressin, work by increasing the volume of fluids available for the heart to pump. 

"Medications such as pyridostigmine facilitate nerve transmission and help the nervous system work more effectively to maintain normal vascular function," Grubb added.

Many often use the term "exercise intolerance" when describing symptoms of POTS, but Iovine said that "poorly prescribed and dosed exercise" is the problem.

"Exercise is the best management for POTS," she said.

"I would argue that for these patients, movement is medicine."

In her book, Ledecky noted that swimming can be an effective treatment for POTS, writing that "reclined aerobic exercise, such as swimming, and strengthening your core, can provide relief."

Seeking care from a cardiologist and a physical therapist is essential, according to Iovine.

The cardiologist can help to get vital signs like heart rate and blood pressure under control, she said, while a knowledgeable physical therapist can help to manage symptoms and increase upright tolerance. 

"Things like proper hydration, extra electrolytes, and being able to keep cool can also help manage symptoms," Iovine advised.

"The heat will make the blood vessels expand, making it harder to get the blood up the head against gravity," she said.

"POTS can be a challenge for anyone — from people with complicated pre-existing conditions, all the way to the top athletes, like Katie Ledecky," Iovine told Fox News Digital. 

The disease can often cause a flu-like feeling after exercise, something called post-exertional malaise/post-exertional symptom exacerbation (PEM/PESE). 

"This is when the autonomic nervous system can have a reflexive reaction to stress or exercise, either making existing symptoms worse or creating a new host of issues in people with POTS," Iovine said. 

"This can pose an issue in the sense of rigorous exercise for an Olympic athlete — or in other cases, exertion may be as simple as getting out of bed and walking to the kitchen."

POTS causes a "dynamic disability," Iovine noted.

"One day, it may allow you to swim like an Olympic athlete, and other days, [it will] have you stuck in bed or even in a wheelchair."

POTS is particularly challenging in athletic activities that involve frequent "start and stop" activities, such as basketball, volleyball, soccer and field hockey, added Grubb.

Both experts emphasized that POTS is a "real illness."

"People who were previously quite healthy develop severe limitations and disabilities," Grubb said.

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"They can experience disabling fatigue, exercise intolerance, heat intolerance, palpitations, lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting and brain fog."

Iovine said that due to the "invisibility" of the disease combined with the high heart rate and variability of presentations, it is often dismissed as a function of mental health.

"Patients are often turned away from proper care, made to believe it is all in their heads," she said.

"POTS is a very real condition, and the good news is that there are very real management strategies as well," Iovine went on.

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While there is no cure for POTS, many patients are able to manage their symptoms and return to their daily activities.

Added Iovine, "Build up your care team and your confidence to advocate for your health and keep to your regimented routines for management."

A majority of voters believe that Vice President Kamala Harris knew about — and covered up — President Biden’s reported cognitive health issues.

That’s according to a YouGov/Times of London poll that surveyed 1,170 registered voters on July 22 and July 23.

Among those who believe Biden’s health issues were kept under wraps, 92% said they think the vice president was well aware of the situation.

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Overall, 68% of respondents believe Biden’s decline was on Harris’ radar.

"There's no way for me to know what went through Kamala's head or what her experience has been dealing with Joe Biden," Jonathan Alpert, a psychotherapist and author based in New York City, told Fox News Digital.

"Perhaps seeing him on a regular basis made it difficult for her to pick up on any changes," said Alpert, who has not treated Biden.

"Of course, this is just speculation, and we do not know of any formal diagnosis."

Judy Gaman, CEO of Executive Medicine of Texas, a luxury medical services provider in Southlake, previously spoke with Fox News Digital about the failure of those around Biden to seek help for the president.

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"Either they are in denial and have watched this take place over a period of time, so they are less sensitive to the contrast, or they are fully aware but can’t bear the thought of what happens to the family (on many levels) if Joe is no longer president," said Gaman, who also has never treated the current commander-in-chief. 

Although there's long been debate about potential signs of cognitive decline, the issue came to the forefront after the June 27 presidential debate, when Biden sparked concerns with his sometimes incoherent speech and unclear train of thought on national live television.

The president, who is 81, has also appeared to "freeze" on stage during public appearances on more than one occasion.

In mid-July, Biden tested positive for COVID-19, and was said to experience upper respiratory symptoms that included "rhinorhea (runny nose) and non-productive cough, with general malaise," according to a statement on the White House's website.

On July 23, Dr. Kevin O’Connor, the president’s personal physician, released a letter stating that Biden’s symptoms had resolved and that he would "continue to be monitored for any recurrence of illness."

White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre has stated that Biden has seen a neurologist multiple times as part of routine health exams, but that he is not being treated for any neurological disorders.

Outside the political arena, it is common for family members and loved ones to avoid facing signs of cognitive decline and potential dementia, experts say.

"Ask any family who has dealt with Alzheimer’s, dementia or Parkinson’s, and they will tell you that what we are seeing play out [here] is classic with most families who face this," said Gaman, whose own mother struggled with Alzheimer’s disease.

"His story just happens to be playing out on the big stage," Gaman added. "Remember, everyone rallying around Biden and covering up the truth has something personal to gain by him continuing to hold office."

In some cases, Alpert noted, signs may be genuinely missed.

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"Generally speaking, family members who see their loved one on a regular basis don't always pick up on the cognitive decline as perceptively as those who might just see someone on occasion," he said.  

"For example, someone seeing Grandma once a year during the holiday season is more likely to pick up on a decline than if they were seeing her monthly."

That’s because cognitive decline is usually gradual in the beginning, he noted.

"Early signs might be subtle and perhaps mistaken as normal aging or stress."

In other cases, the person experiencing the decline may find ways to adapt and develop strategies to compensate for the cognitive difficulties, according to Alpert, which can make the symptoms less obvious to close family and friends. 

Experts agree that a denial of someone’s cognitive decline doesn’t do the person any favors.

"If family members and close associates are in denial about a loved one's cognitive decline, it can delay diagnosis and treatment of the person," Alpert warned. 

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"Dismissing an obvious issue as ‘just a bad day’ or saying ‘everyone forgets from time to time’ doesn't help the person, and will only slow access to resources and proper management of the condition," he added.

Delaying treatment can also pose safety risks, experts agree.

"Although in the short term it might be easier to look the other way, ultimately denial leads to more stress for the loved one as the condition worsens," Alpert said.

"Sometimes, getting a proper medical diagnosis provides the clinical validation necessary for the patient to actually feel understood."

In Alpert’s practice, he said he sometimes has patients who experience a host of symptoms, but don’t know exactly what is going on.  

"Once I confirm the diagnosis, they feel a bit relieved to know that their symptoms are real and part of a medical or psychological disorder, and not just made up," he said.

In Biden’s case, denial of a possible cognitive disorder isn’t just dangerous for the president, but also for the country as a whole, experts say.

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If Biden is experiencing cognitive decline, failure to get him the medical attention he needs could be putting his health in danger, according to Gaman.

"From the standpoint of the country, we need to address this as a health crisis and not a political crisis," she said.

Gaman also noted that if Biden does have one of these conditions, he may not understand the need to ask for help.

"This is a prime opportunity to increase funding for research, raise awareness and encourage others dealing with this to come out of denial."

Gaman noted that she is not claiming to diagnose the president, but rather asking that the country open up the discussion on neurodegenerative disease, "especially since it’s on the rise."

Fox News Digital reached out to the Harris campaign requesting comment but did not receive a response. 

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In response to earlier outreach from Fox News Digital, the White House press office said that "health was not a factor" in Biden's decision to withdraw from the 2024 presidential race. 

"He looks forward to finishing his term and delivering more historic results for the American people," the White House said in its statement. 

The first presidential debate of 2024 left many Americans and even some traditional Democratic allies wondering about President Biden’s mental fitness for office based on what appeared to be his unclear train of thought at times and his raspy voice on Thursday night.

The White House responded to these concerns, claiming that the president, who is 81, was fighting a cold, but some doctors said they perceive the health issues go beyond the sniffles — with one noting that "it is an issue of fitness, not of age."

Dr. Brett Osborn, a Florida neurosurgeon who specializes in cognitive function, told Fox News Digital on Friday about his concerns. 

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"President Biden's performance in [Thursday] night’s debate reignited longstanding discussions about his cognitive abilities and his overall leadership capacity," Osborn told Fox News Digital. 

"Throughout the evening, Biden struggled to maintain a coherent narrative, often losing his train of thought mid-sentence, and providing vague, rambling and undecipherable answers to highly critical questions," said Osborn, expressing his professional opinion.

"His frequent pauses, stumbling over words and reliance on notes underscored concerns about his mental acuity," Osborn added. 

These seeming signs of cognitive decline highlight a "growing inability" to manage the complexities required by the job of the presidency, according to the neurosurgeon.

"His difficulty in articulating clear, concise responses and his apparent disorientation during the debate were seen by many – including his own constituents – as very troubling indicators of his overall health and an obvious decline in his cognitive function," Osborn said.

"President Biden lacks the mental sharpness required for the highest office in the land … especially amid [today's] current national and international crises."

The neurosurgeon, who has not treated Biden personally, also mentioned the 46th president has undergone multiple surgeries for brain aneurysms.

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There is a famous saying in neurosurgery, Osborn noted: "When the air hits your brain, you’re never the same." 

The surgeon surmised, "The odds have been stacked against him for years, long before his presidency."

Dr. Marc Siegel, physician, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center and a Fox News medical contributor, also spoke with Fox News Digital about concerns from his end.

"The debate is, in a way, a psychiatric or cognitive stress test," he told Fox News Digital. 

Although Biden was able to respond to questions and seemed to be spatially aware, according to Siegel, the president did display "frequent disorientation" and had "problems with spontaneity or redirecting," the doctor said. 

He has not personally examined Biden.

Siegel described Biden’s speech as "meandering," noting that he ended sentences in different places than intended, and "often mixed up ‘trillions’ and ‘billions’ and ‘millions.’"

Siegel confirmed that a physical illness, even with a cold, can bring out cognitive issues "even more."

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"Even so, it's hard to believe this is all from a cold," Siegel told Fox News Digital. "Either way, we need someone who is sharp despite a cold." 

The NYU Langone physician noted that cognitive issues "wax and wane," so they won’t always present the same way.

While the age of both candidates has been raised as a concern, Siegel countered that what’s important is a president's physical and mental fitness.

"It is an issue of fitness, not of age," he said. "It is an issue of mental acuity, which is especially important if there is a crisis." 

While Biden is 81 (he turns 82 in November), Trump is 78 years old. 

During an appearance on "Fox & Friends" on Friday morning, Siegel also spoke about the possibility of cold medications impacting Biden's performance.

"None of the medications that he would be taking for a cold, except something that might make him drowsy, would be relevant here," he said. 

"And I don't think they would give him something that would make him drowsy before a debate," he said.

He added, "We've been watching this a long time. This is something progressive."

Fox News Digital reached out to the Biden campaign and to the White House press office for comment.

Earlier this year, concerns emerged about Biden’s age and memory after the release of a special counsel’s report. The report described the Democrat’s memory as "hazy," "fuzzy," "faulty," "poor" and having "significant limitations," the Associated Press noted at the time.

The report indicated that Biden could not recall certain milestones in his own life, such as the date his own son Beau died of brain cancer, as Fox News Digital reported at the time. (Beau Biden passed away on May 30, 2015.)

"My memory is fine," Biden responded afterward from the White House. 

The New York Times editorial board and others have called on Biden to step out of the race after his debate performance. 

Vice President Kamala Harris acknowledged that Biden had a "slow start" to the debate, but she defended his performance overall and his record during his time in the White House.

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Said Dr. Siegel in a New York Post opinion piece that ran in the publication on Saturday morning, "This isn't a question of age. Cognition varies widely with age, and it isn't fair to say that executive function is automatically impaired at a certain point in life. But it's a sad medical fact that a person with growing problems of memory and judgment is frequently the last to acknowledge it."

If you notice your hands are swelling, it could be both uncomfortable and unsettling, but in most instances the cause could be situational — caused by factors such as temperature, exercise, diet, medications you’re taking or certain health conditions.  

You may notice your rings aren’t fitting correctly, among other things.

To find out more about the condition, Fox News Digital asked two doctors what causes hand swelling and what can be done to treat it. 

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Here’s what you need to know.

Most commonly, hand swelling is due to fluid buildup in the soft tissue. 

"Soft tissue swelling, or edema, is not always a cause for concern, and can occur with weather changes or fluid shifts in the body," said Amy Kehl, M.D., RhMSUS, a board-certified rheumatologist with Saint John's Physician Partners in Santa Monica, California.

Most patients observe some degree of soft tissue swelling or edema with hot weather and with exercise, according to Kehl.

Fluid shifts can also occur with too much salt intake, she noted, which can lead to increased hand or foot swelling, she said.  

"Additionally, certain medications, such as blood pressure medications like amlodipine; steroids such as Prednisone or Medrol; or hormone treatments, can contribute to soft tissue swelling in the hands or feet," Kehl added. 

If a person notices an increase in hand or foot swelling that is not reversible or intermittent — or if the hand swelling is also accompanied by leg swelling with marked elevations in blood pressure or shortness of breath — medical attention should be sought, Kehl said. 

ASK A DOCTOR: ‘IS IT DANGEROUS TO SWALLOW GUM?’

A person "should ensure they have had proper medical evaluation to assess both kidney and cardiac function, as hand or foot swelling can be an indicator of kidney dysfunction, protein loss in the urine, or cardiac dysfunction," she cautioned. 

"Your doctor may order tests to assess your kidney function, urine studies or, in some cases, an echocardiogram." 

Diuretics may be needed to remove the excess fluid if it is related to cardiac dysfunction, she said.  

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Another possible cause of fluid build-up is lymphedema, which can occur if the patient has had surgery, such as a lymph node resection for breast cancer treatment, according to Kehl.

"This may be treated with local lymphatic drainage treatments, arm elevation, compression sleeves and exercise," the doctor said.

Individuals should also be cognizant of other symptoms. 

"Certainly, if the hand swelling is associated with joint pains, this may indicate an underlying inflammatory arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis or psoriatic arthritis," Kehl told Fox News Digital. "Again, an examination may be warranted to distinguish soft tissue swelling from articular or joint swelling."

Patients should also be aware if the swelling is asymmetric. 

"This can be a sign of something more serious, such as a blood clot, and patients should seek medical attention right away if new and asymmetric swelling and pain develops," Kehl warned. 

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If a patient notices hand swelling in association with facial or lip swelling, this warrants immediate medical attention, she said.

If the hand swelling is deemed to be due to "benign causes," this is typically reversible, Kehl noted.

"For instance, to reduce hand swelling after exercising, elevating the hands and performing arm circles may be helpful to increase the blood flow to the hands," she said. 

Similarly, it may be necessary to review your medication list with your medical provider to identify any pharmaceutical culprits. 

"Typically, with discontinuation of the offending medication, the swelling should subside," Kehl said.

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Diet should also be monitored. 

Maintaining the proper balance of salt and water is important, and reducing salt intake and following a low-sodium diet may be advisable for some patients, the expert noted.

Lifestyle changes, such as movement, can also be incorporated to help alleviate the swelling. 

"Stretch both arms up, move your hands and wrists, and make fists several times," Beth Oller, M.D., a family physician with Rooks County Health Center in Stockton, Kansas, told Fox News Digital. 

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Running your hands under cool water may help, she said, and taking off jewelry or constricting clothes while exercising can also help prevent swelling due to temperature changes. 

"Staying well-hydrated can also help keep fluids circulating," Oller added.

Pregnancy is another common cause of swelling. In that case, Oller said that moving the extremities can help. 

"If swelling in pregnancy occurs suddenly or is extreme, talk to your physician immediately, as this can be a symptom of elevated blood pressure," she also said. 

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Jenna Gibson was just 39 when she was training for a marathon five years ago — but her plans were cut short by a stroke that almost took her life.

Nearly 60% of stroke deaths occur in women, according to a recent study by Mayo Clinic — and now Gibson, a Michigan mother of two, aims to help others to be more aware and prioritize their health.

"Once I learned that strokes are happening to younger people, I had to share my story," she told Fox News Digital. 

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"In most cases, strokes are preventable if you know what to look for."

On the day of Gibson’s stroke, she was feeling great.

It was a beautiful day, she’d nailed a presentation at work, and she was enjoying a walk outside with her mother after dinner.

"We were talking about how I was training for the Detroit marathon for my 40th birthday, and then all of a sudden, out of the blue, it felt like I was hit with a ton of bricks," she told Fox News Digital.

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Gibson stopped walking, then suddenly fell over into the grass. 

Her mother thought she was joking at first. "She actually took a picture of me lying in the grass, saying, ‘C’mon, get up, what are you doing?’"

Her mother helped her up, but Gibson couldn’t walk straight. 

"I felt like I was drunk — something just wasn't right," she said.

Even so, Gibson did not experience any of the textbook symptoms of a stroke, such as the facial droop, severe headache or vision disturbances.

They made it back home, where Gibson assumed she was having a migraine. She took some headache medicine and went to bed.

"A couple of hours later, I woke up and still didn't feel right — I couldn't get out of bed, I couldn't move," she recalled. 

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That’s when they headed to the emergency room. Gibson’s mother told the medical team that her daughter was having trouble walking and might be having a stroke.

"They checked me over, did all the tests, and didn't see the typical signs that they would be looking for," Gibson said. "Part of it was because I was young."

She added, "I didn't have the facial droop. I could walk, although not very well. I could get some words out."

After a CT scan, the medical team decided that Gibson was likely having an optic migraine. The next morning, when she still wasn’t feeling right, the neurologist ordered another scan with contrast — and that time, the stroke finally showed up.

"They could see that there was a blockage on the left side of my brain, and I was actively having a stroke," she said. 

Gibson was immediately airlifted to another hospital, where she had emergency brain surgery to remove the blood clot. 

"There was obviously a risk of death — if we didn't move fast enough, the time frame would be over," she said.

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As she was flown to the hospital, Gibson said she felt certain she was going to die and would never again see her husband or her daughters, who were just 8 and 4 at the time.

"I thought I’d never get to see my children grow up and get married, or that I’d have to live in some kind of vegetative state and would never work again."

"I was thinking, ‘Did I tell my girls enough times that Mommy loves them? Does my husband know how proud I am of him?’"

The next thing she knew, Gibson was waking up from surgery in the ICU — and facing a long road to recovery.

"At first, I couldn't speak at all. I couldn't move my right side. I was trapped in my head — I could see what was happening and hear people asking me questions, but I couldn't answer."

Over the next few days, Gibson said her capabilities slowly started coming back. 

She received speech therapy, occupational therapy and physical therapy — and over time began to regain movement on her right side. 

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Her first "assignment" was to tell her daughters that she loved them and that "Mommy’s going to be OK."

After a couple of weeks, Gibson returned home and continued with outpatient therapy for three hours a day, three days a week for a four-month period.

"It was during the first six weeks that we saw the quickest improvement, and then after that, it was slower and slower," she said.

"I had to relearn everything. And now, by the grace of God, I can do all the things."

Today, Gibson is still completely numb on the entire right side of her body. She also still sometimes struggles with finding the right words while speaking, she said, especially when she’s tired or stressed.

"But if you saw me, I look like a normal person," she said.

And in a full-circle moment, Gibson was finally able to complete the half-marathon last October.

Dr. Annie Tsui, chief of neurology at Access TeleCare, who is based in Texas, emphasized the prevalence of strokes among women and urged awareness.

"Strokes can occur for various reasons across different age groups and genders," Tsui, who was not involved in Gibson’s care, told Fox News Digital. "Even though strokes can occur at any age, women between the ages of 20 and 39 are at twice the risk compared to men."

While the primary risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, obesity and diabetes, the causes for strokes in younger age groups differ from those typically associated with older people, Tsui noted. 

Those may include cardiac issues, blood clotting disorders, genetic predispositions, vascular abnormalities or trauma.

"Although no one is completely immune to the risk of stroke, individuals at higher risk should work with their doctor to develop a prevention plan," Tsui advised. "In general, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial, as up to 80% of strokes can be prevented."

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It's crucial to be aware of the symptoms to receive treatment as quickly as possible, according to Tsui.

She recommends using the FAST acronym, shown below, as a convenient tool for identifying stroke indicators. 

"The chances of survival and positive outcomes are highest when the patient receives prompt medical attention," Tsui told Fox News Digital. 

Some stroke treatments are only effective if administered within three hours of when symptoms begin, she warned — with the risk of permanent brain damage or death rising with each passing minute.

"It's important to be vigilant in recognizing stroke symptoms and to seek medical assistance immediately at the first sign," Tsui said. 

"Every second counts in reducing the risk of brain injury, permanent disability or even death."

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Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U.S. — with one in five Americans developing the disease by the age of 70.

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, expected to take the lives of more than 8,200 people in the U.S. this year.

This May, for Skin Cancer Awareness Month, two melanoma patients are sharing their stories of how they overcame this invasive form of the disease.

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One even wrongly assumed that what she was experiencing "was just a normal part of aging and sun exposure." Here's what others can learn.

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that starts in the melanocytes, which are the cells that produce the skin’s pigmentation (color).

Most cases — but not all — are caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. Melanoma can affect people of all skin tones and types.

"Melanoma is one of the most common type of cancer in younger patients," Nayoung Lee, M.D., assistant professor of dermatology at NYU Langone Health, told Fox News Digital.

The prognosis is "very good" when melanoma is detected early, but the survival rate falls steeply when it is detected at a more advanced stage, she noted. 

"Melanoma can spread through the bloodstream to your lymph nodes and distant organs, so it is crucial to do regular skin exams to try to catch it at an early stage," Lee said.

Abby Weiner, 43, a wife and mother of three young boys living in Washington, D.C., had always been careful about protecting her skin from the sun — which is why her Oct. 2023 melanoma diagnosis was such a shock, she said.

"I had a spot on my cheek that started as a freckle and began getting darker and larger," she told Fox News Digital. 

"I assumed it was just a normal part of aging and sun exposure."

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Weiner’s sister encouraged her to get it checked out — which led to a biopsy and diagnosis. 

"I was obviously shocked and frightened at first," said Weiner.  

Her melanoma was removed using Mohs surgery, a procedure in which thin layers of skin are removed one at a time. 

"I required two procedures to remove the cancer and surrounding margins," she said. "Now, most people don't even know I had surgery."

To others, Weiner’s advice is to remember to seek shade, wear sun-protective clothing, and apply a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher on a daily basis all year long. 

"I thought I was careful about protecting myself from sun exposure by wearing a hat or applying sunscreen when my family was at the pool or planning to be outdoors — but if we were eating outdoors and there wasn't a table in the shade, I would end up sitting in the sun."

Now, Weiner said she will wait a little longer for a shaded table, and she always keeps a hat and sunscreen with her.

"My sons used to have difficulty applying sunscreen and wearing hats, but now that they've seen the impact skin cancer had on me, they are more cooperative," she said.

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Weiner also recommends that everyone gets yearly skin checks with a board-certified dermatologist. 

"I have so many friends — and even my sister, who probably saved my life — who didn't regularly see a dermatologist for a yearly skin check before they learned about my melanoma."

Steve Murray, 68, of the greater Washington, D.C. area, has worked in construction for several decades. 

During his childhood, Murray spent summers at the beach in Ocean City, New Jersey, and winter visits to Florida, where he was exposed to the sun and didn’t do much to protect himself.

In the late 1990s, Murray was diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma, the most common type of skin cancer, and squamous cell carcinoma, a variation of skin cancer that tends to develop in people who have had a lot of sun exposure.

In 2008, he was diagnosed with melanoma.

"My initial symptoms included itching and scaling on my head, followed by irritation," he told Fox News Digital. 

"Then there was discoloration and irregularity in the shape of my moles."

Initially, Murray feared the worst — "mainly death" — but his dermatologist determined that the melanoma was only on his scalp and hadn’t traveled to his lymph nodes.

Like Weiner, Murray had Mohs surgery to get rid of the cancer — and he was cleared.

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Since that diagnosis, Murray has had several more bouts of skin cancer.

In 2024, he underwent two surgeries for squamous cell carcinoma on his hand and back. 

Now, Murray visits the dermatologist every three to six months. Also, he always wears a hat, sunscreen and long sleeves whenever possible to protect himself from the sun.

Murray’s advice to others is to make sun protection a priority when outdoors.

"You don’t notice at the time of initial exposure, but it haunts you later in life when you start developing pre-cancers and skin cancers like squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma that require immediate attention," he told Fox News Digital.

"Capturing these pre-cancers and cancers of the skin must be diagnosed early with regular checkups," he added. "Failure to do so could lead to death."

Dr. Lee of NYU Langone Health shared five tips to help prevent potentially deadly skin cancers like melanoma.

"Avoiding a burn is really only half the battle — there is no such thing as a base tan," Lee said. "Damaged skin is damaged skin."

For a safer way to achieve a sun-kissed glow on your first beach day of the summer, Lee recommends using self-tanning products.

When applying sunscreen, Lee recommends using 1 ounce, which would fill a shot glass. 

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"It should have a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 and say ‘broad-spectrum’ on the label, which protects against the sun’s UVA and UVB rays," she said. 

Reapply at least every 80 minutes, or more often if you’re sweating or swimming.

Physical sunscreen contains zinc or titanium, which is superior in efficacy to chemical sunscreen, according to Lee.

"Check your skin regularly so you know what’s normal and to notice any changes or new growths," Lee advised. 

"Seek a dermatologist’s evaluation if you notice a changing, bleeding or persistently itchy spot."

This is the best way to determine if any mole or blemish is cancerous, according to Lee. 

The ABCDE rule tells you what to look for when examining your skin. 

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The A stands for asymmetrical. "Noncancerous moles are typically symmetrical," Lee said. 

B is for border, as the border of a cancerous spot or mole may be irregular or blurred. 

C stands for color. "A typical mole tends to be evenly colored, usually a single shade of brown," Lee noted. 

"Not all melanomas are dark and scary-appearing. They can be amelanotic, which means they can be more skin colored or pink."

D stands for diameter of the spot or mole, which may be a warning sign if it’s larger than 6 millimeters, according to Lee.

If the spot is evolving, which is what E stands for, it might be of concern.

Lee added, "Because melanomas can vary in appearance, it is important to see a dermatologist regularly for skin exams if you have a history of significant sun exposure, have many atypical appearing moles, or a family or personal history of melanoma so that you have an experienced set of eyes looking at any spots of concern."

For more Health articles, visit www.foxnews.com/health. 

As cholera continues to surge — and as vaccines remain in short supply — experts are warning about the global risk.

Cholera is a bacterial disease typically spread by food and water, leading to severe diarrhea and dehydration. It has been on the rise around the world since 2021.

Each year, there are some 1.3 to 4 million cases of cholera worldwide, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Approximately 21,000 to 143,000 deaths occur as a result.

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Around 473,000 cases were reported to WHO in 2022, which was twice as many cases as the prior year.

Reported cases for 2023 are expected to exceed 700,000.

"It is concerning to see an increase in the number of cholera cases worldwide, with the majority of the cases in Asia, Africa and Latin America," Dr. Renuga Vivekanandan, M.D., assistant dean and professor at the Creighton University School of Medicine in Omaha, Nebraska, told Fox News Digital.

The countries most affected include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Zambia and Zimbabwe, according to UNICEF. 

Although cholera cases were prevalent in the U.S. in the 1800s, water treatment systems have largely eliminated the disease, per the CDC.

In rare cases, people in the U.S. have contracted the disease from consuming raw or undercooked shellfish from the Gulf of Mexico, the agency stated on its website.

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"In the U.S., the cases have remained very small and are usually from travel exposure," Vivekanandan noted.

Cholera is typically spread when someone drinks water or eats food that is contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, according to the CDC.

The disease can spread quickly in locations where there is insufficient treatment of drinking water and sewage, the agency warned.

It is not typically transmitted from person to person. 

UNICEF noted in a statement that the rise in cholera is driven by "persistent gaps in access to safe water and sanitation."

"I think the cases might be increasing due to climate change, displacements of homes due to disasters, and not having good sanitary conditions, such as poor water sources," Vivekanandan told Fox News Digital.

Around 10% of the people who are infected with cholera will develop severe symptoms, including watery diarrhea, vomiting and leg cramps, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Advanced symptoms include shock and dehydration. 

Without treatment, the disease can be fatal.

"Dehydration is the biggest concern with cholera, and rehydration is the most important component of treatment," said Vivekanandan.

"Most patients with cholera will have mild diarrhea, but 10% will have severe diarrhea and will need rehydration and treatment with antibiotics."

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Some groups are more susceptible to the disease, according to the CDC.

"Individuals with achlorhydria (the absence of hydrochloric acid in digestive stomach juices), blood type O, chronic medical conditions, and those without ready access to rehydration therapy and medical services are more likely to have severe disease from cholera and suffer poor outcomes," the agency noted.

The most effective treatment for cholera is "immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea," the CDC stated.

This is achieved by giving patients a mixture of sugar and salts mixed with 1 liter of water. 

In some severe cases, the patient may require intravenous (IV) fluids.

Some patients also receive antibiotics to make symptoms less severe.

"Persons who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting in countries where cholera occurs should seek medical attention promptly," per the CDC.

There is a single-dose vaccine for cholera, called Vaxchora (lyophilized CVD 103-HgR).

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Those who are between the ages of 2 and 64 and who are traveling to "an area of active cholera transmission" are eligible to receive it.

There are three other cholera vaccines, but they are not available in the U.S.

There is a "severe gap" in the number of available vaccine doses compared to the level of current need, said UNICEF on its website.

"Between 2021 and 2023, more doses were requested for outbreak response than the entire previous decade," UNICEF noted.

While cholera vaccines used to be administered in two doses, the International Coordinating Group (ICG) changed the recommendation to a single dose in Oct. 2022 due to the ongoing shortage.

Vivekanandan called the vaccine shortage "very concerning."

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"This is a serious infection, and we must invest financial and other resources to reduce the worldwide burden," he told Fox News Digital.

"International resources need to be committed, and partnerships with pharmaceutical companies need to happen to help produce more vaccines."

Vivekanandan also urged people who are traveling from the U.S. to other countries to review the CDC’s travel guidance and get any required vaccines.

"I would also recommend that people follow good travel medicine guidance, such as drinking bottled water, eating well-cooked food and making sure to have good hand hygiene," he added.

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"As the WHO has stated, we need to have multi-pronged approaches, with a combination of surveillance, water, sanitation and hygiene, social mobilization, treatment, and oral cholera vaccines available for communities at high risk."

On the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) website, Vaxchora is listed as a "resolved shortage."

The FDA noted that Emergent Travel Health, manufacturer of the vaccine, announced in May 2021 the temporary discontinuation and distribution of Vaxchora, "due to a significant reduction of international travel caused by the COVID-19 pandemic."

The shortage is listed as having been resolved in May 2023.

Fox News Digital reached out to WHO, the FDA and Emergent requesting comment.

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A 10-year-old girl in Pennsylvania is in dire need of a bone marrow transplant — and her mother is on a mission to find the perfect match.

Lani Walter suffers from a disease called DOCK8 deficiency (dedicator of cytokinesis 8 deficiency), an immunodeficiency syndrome that can cause recurrent, life-threatening infections. 

DOCK8 is very rare, with only 250 people worldwide currently diagnosed, statistics show. The only cure for DOCK8 is a bone marrow transplant — also known as a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).

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Ashleigh Walter, a kindergarten teacher, is pleading for people to join the bone marrow/blood stem cell registry to help her daughter find a donor by summer.

"Time is of the essence," she told Fox News Digital.

Walter’s daughter was diagnosed with DOCK8 when she was 7½ years old, the culmination of a long series of symptoms and illnesses.

"Lani’s health issues started at just a couple of months old," Walter told Fox News Digital during an interview. "As a baby, she had full-body eczema from head to toe and continuous ear infections."

At 11 months old, she was diagnosed with severe allergies to eggs, milk, peanuts, tree nuts and many other foods. She's also experienced continuous skin infections and staph infections.

In Jan. 2021, the family was invited to a clinic at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), where Walter’s daughter was able to see specialists from immunology, allergy and dermatology together in one appointment.

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"They all came together to try and figure out what might be going on," Walter said. "Each of the specialties ran their own special bloodwork to see what was going on with Lani."

The results showed some abnormalities in the immune system, and doctors recommended doing genetic testing.

A few months later, the family received the news that Walter’s daughter has two variants of the DOCK8 gene.

"If you have issues on both sides of the gene, that's when you present with the disorder," Walter said. "Testing showed that both my husband and I are recessive carriers to the DOCK8 variant, which we passed down to Lani."

She added, "So that was when we found out that all of the health issues Lani has experienced throughout her entire life were not unrelated."

Dr. Marc Siegel, clinical professor of medicine at NYU Langone Medical Center and a Fox News medical contributor, was not involved in Lani Walter’s care but commented on the condition.

"DOCK 8 is a rare immune condition where the bone marrow doesn't make enough immune cells and the immune cells that are made have trouble penetrating into dense tissue, like skin," he told Fox News Digital.

After the diagnosis, Walter’s daughter was invited to visit the National Institute of Health in Maryland, where researchers are studying DOCK8 deficiency. 

"We go there about every six months to see how Lani is doing, and what they recommend as she gets older," Walter said.

The symptoms of DOCK8 deficiency tend to get more severe as the child grows into late adolescence and early adulthood, doctors have said.

Some of the biggest concerns are respiratory difficulties and a higher risk of various cancers, along with the ongoing risk of infections.

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To help manage her condition, Walter’s daughter has been getting weekly intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) infusions, which add human antibodies to help fight off infections.

She also takes daily antibiotics to help prevent pneumonia, uses an inhaler to help her respiratory system and takes other medications to treat different illnesses she experiences as a result of her DOCK8 deficiency.

"That's probably one of the least favorite parts of her day, when I tell her that she needs to take her medicine," Walter said.

Since the only cure for her condition is a bone marrow transplant, "her doctors recommend that Lani has [the] transplant to help cure the DOCK8 before she gets older."

Dr. Brett Osborn, a Florida neurologist and longevity expert at Senolytix, described HSCT as a "transformative reset button" for patients suffering from DOCK8 deficiency.

Osborn is not involved in Lani Walter’s care.

"Imagine your immune system as a computer plagued by a virus," he told Fox News Digital.

"HSCT removes the compromised ‘software’ and installs new, functional cells. For individuals with DOCK8 deficiency — who typically face frequent infections, severe allergies and increased cancer risk — HSCT can mean a dramatic shift toward immunologic normalcy, providing a new lease on life."

Siegel also emphasized the procedure’s importance, calling it a "crucial life-saving procedure."

The average wait for a transplant is about three months, according to Siegel.

"They are very expensive — about $190,000," he said. "Insurance generally covers the procedure, but not the cost of finding a donor."

There is around a 25% chance that a sibling will be a match. In Lani Walter’s case, her 14-year-old sister was not a match.

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"The overall chance of finding a match in the world is 1/3 to 2/3," Siegel said.

The organization known as NMDP, formerly the National Marrow Donor Program/Be the Match, maintains a registry of people who are willing to donate. The Walter family found a 90% match on the registry, but the optimal situation would be to find a 100% match.

"There's much less risk with the bone marrow transplant if you can find that perfect match," Walter told Fox News Digital. 

Lani Walter’s doctors recommend that she receives the donation before she starts middle school. Next year, she will start fifth grade.

"Ideally, we would do it before Lani sees significant issues with other organs in her body," said Ashleigh Walter. 

If the family does not find a perfect match, Walter said she will donate to her daughter, as parents are always half-matches.

"Obviously, we would still love for her to be able to find a full match on the donor registry, which is much less of a risk," she said. "But if that's not possible, we can move forward with a half match."

With partial matches, there is a higher risk of "graft versus host disease," which is a complication that occurs when donor bone marrow or stem cells attack the recipient.

"It can cause different issues throughout the body, similar to an organ transplant rejection," Walter said.

If her daughter receives a successful bone marrow transplant, Walter said — she will be cured of DOCK8.

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"She won't have an immune deficiency anymore," she said. "She'll adopt the immune system of the donor, and we won't have to worry about any of those increased risks at all."

Walter is hopeful that her daughter — whom she describes as "a little kid at heart" — will soon be healthy and able to return to the activities she loves, including swimming.

"Lani has been on a swim team since kindergarten, and this will be her first summer not doing it," Walter said. 

She also enjoys bike-riding, crafting, and spending time with her friends and pets.

There are millions of potential donors on the bone marrow registry — with more than 300,000 Americans joining just last year — but Walter noted that the likelihood of someone finding a perfect match is very low. 

"The more people who join the registry, the more likely that a perfect match will be there for you," she said.

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As a neurosurgical trauma surgeon, Osborn of Florida said he can attest to the dire need for blood and bone marrow donors.

"There is a critical shortage of both," he said. "In emergency and surgical settings, the availability of blood products can be the difference between life and death."

It’s "vital" to have diversity in the bone marrow registry, Osborn noted.

"A closely matched donor reduces complications and improves outcomes," he said.

"This emphasizes why everyone should consider joining the registry. We can all manufacture these potentially life-saving blood products, and by donating, we fulfill a crucial societal need."

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While some have the misconception that donation is difficult, Osborn said that’s not the case.

"Donating bone marrow is a low-risk, outpatient procedure associated with only minor discomfort. It’s a great way to pay it forward."

People can join the bone marrow registry by visiting the NMDP’s website to order a test kit.

"It’s a really simple cheek swab kit that they'll send to your house and then you send it back," Walter said. "You don't have to pay any money for anything."

"The more people that join, the more people who can find their perfect match."

"For conditions like DOCK8 deficiency, a bone marrow transplant can offer a chance at a healthier life," Osborn added.

"Joining the bone marrow registry could be your most profound gift, potentially saving a life with your healthy cells."

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