DrNB Medical
Gastroenterology or Doctorate of National Board in Medical Gastroenterology
also known as DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is a super specialty level
course for doctors in India that is done by them after completion of their
postgraduate medical degree course. The duration of this super specialty course is 3 years, and it focuses
on the study of the human digestive system and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to it.

The course
is a full-time course pursued at various accredited institutes/hospitals across
the country. Some of the top accredited institutes/hospitals offering this
course include Amala Institute of Medical
Sciences-Kerala, Apollo
BGS Hospital- Karnataka, Apollo
Hospital
(Unit International Hospitals)- Assam, and more.

Admission to this course is done through the NEET-SS Entrance exam
conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counseling based
on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.

The fee
for pursuing DrNB (Medical Gastroenterology) varies from accredited
institutes/hospital to hospital and may range from Rs. 1,25,000 to Rs. 3,00,000
per year.

After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the
job market or can pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programmes recognized by
NMC and NBE. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents,
Consultants etc. with an approximate salary range of Rs. 4 Lakh to Rs. 45 Lakh per year.

DNB is equivalent to
MD/MS/DM/MCh degrees awarded respectively in medical and surgical super
specialities. The list of recognized qualifications awarded
by the Board in various broad and super specialties as approved by the
Government of India are included in the first schedule of the Indian Medical
Council Act, 1956.

The Diplomate of National Board in
broad-speciality qualifications and super speciality qualifications when
granted in a medical institution with attached hospital or in a hospital with
the strength of five hundred or more beds, by the National Board of
Examinations, shall be equivalent in all respects to the corresponding
postgraduate qualification and the super-speciality qualification granted under
the Act, but in all other cases, senior residency in a medical college for an
additional period of one year shall be required for such qualification to be
equivalent for the purposes of teaching also.

What is DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology?

Doctorate of National Board in Medical
Gastroenterology, also known as DrNB (Medical Gastroenterology) or DrNB in (Medical
Gastroenterology) is a three-year super specialty programme that candidates can
pursue after completing a postgraduate degree.

Medical Gastroenterology is the branch of
medical science dealing with the study of the human digestive system and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases related to it.

The National
Board of Examinations (NBE) has released a curriculum for DrNB in Medical
Gastroenterology.

The curriculum
governs the education and
training of DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology.

The postgraduate students must gain ample knowledge and
experience in the diagnosis, treatment of patients with acute, serious, and
life-threatening medical and surgical diseases.

PG education intends to create specialists who can
contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research
and training.

The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in
the field of Medical Gastroenterology
would help the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The
student should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should
be aware of the recent advances in their speciality.

The candidate is also expected to know the principles of
research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should
regularly attend conferences, workshops and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.

Course
Highlights

Here are some of the course highlights of DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology

Name of Course

DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology

Level

Doctorate

Duration of Course

Three years

Course Mode

Full Time

Minimum Academic Requirement

Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) obtained from any college/university recognized by the MCI (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

Admission Process /
Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities

Entrance Exam
(NEET-SS) 

INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru

Counseling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities

Course Fees

Rs. 1,25,000 to Rs. 3,00,000 per year

Average Salary

 Rs. 4 Lakh to Rs. 45 Lakh per year

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology are
defined as the set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet
in order to be eligible for admission, which includes:

Name of the super specialty course

Course Type

Prior Eligibility Requirement

Medical Gastroenterology 

DrNB

MD/DNB (General Medicine)

Note:

·
The feeder qualification for DrNB (Medical Gastroenterology) is defined by the NBE
and is subject to changes by the NBE.

·
The feeder qualification mentioned here
is as of 2022.

·
For any changes, please refer to the
NBE website.

• The prior entry qualifications shall be strictly
  in accordance with Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000 and its
  amendments notified by the NMC and any clarification issued from NMC in this
  regard.
• The candidate must have obtained permanent
  registration with any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.
• The medical college's recognition cut-off dates
  for the Postgraduate Degree courses shall be as prescribed by the Medical
  Council of India (now NMC).

Admission Process

The admission process contains a few steps to
be followed in order by the candidates for admission to DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology. Candidates can view the complete
admission process for DrNB in Medical
Gastroenterology mentioned below:

• The NEET-SS or
  National Eligibility Entrance Test for Super specialty courses is a
  national-level master's level examination conducted by the NBE for admission to
  DM/MCh/DrNB Courses.
• Qualifying Criteria-Candidates placed at the
  50th percentile or above shall be declared as qualified in the NEET-SS in their
  respective specialty.
• The following Medical institutions are not
  covered under centralized admissions for DM/MCh courses through NEET-SS:

1.
AIIMS, New Delhi and other AIIMS

2.
PGIMER, Chandigarh

3.
JIPMER, Puducherry

4.
NIMHANS, Bengaluru

• Candidates from all eligible feeder specialty
  subjects shall be required to appear in the question paper of the respective group if they are willing to opt for a superspecialty course in any of the super-specialty courses covered in that group.
• A candidate can opt for appearing in the
  question papers of as many groups for which his/her Postgraduate specialty
  qualification is an eligible feeder qualification.
• By appearing in the question paper of a group
  and on qualifying for the examination, a candidate shall be eligible to exercise
  his/her choices in the counseling only for those superspecialty subjects
  covered in the said group for which his/ her broad specialty is an eligible feeder
  qualification.

Fees Structure

The fee structure for DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology varies from accredited institute/hospital to hospital. The fee is
generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is around Rs. 1,25,000 to Rs. 3,00,000 per year.

Colleges offering DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology

There are various accredited institutes/hospitals across India that
offer courses for pursuing DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology.

As per the National Board of Examinations website, the following accredited
institutes/hospitals are offering DrNB (Medical Gastroenterology)
courses for the academic year 2022-23.

Hospital/Institute

Specialty

No. of Accredited
Seat(s)
(Broad/Super/Fellowship)

Amala Institute of Medical Sciences
Amala Nagar, THRISSUR
Kerala-680553

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo BGS Hospital
Adichunchanagiri Road, Kuvempunagar, Mysore
Karnataka-570023

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital
(Unit International Hospitals) Lotus Tower, G S Road, Guwahati
Assam-781005

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital
21, Greams lane, Off Greams Rd, Thousand Lights, Chennai.
Tamil Nadu-600006

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital
Parsik Hill Road, Plot no 13, Sector 23,CBD Belapur, Navi
Mumbai
Maharashtra-400614

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital
Plot No. 251 Sainik School Road Unit-15, Bhubaneshwar
Orissa-751005

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital
Room No. 306, Office of the Director of Medical Education
Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad
Telangana-500033

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Apollo Hospital International
Plot No. 1A, GIDC Estate Bhat, District - Gandhi Nagar
Gujarat-382428

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals
Limited
58, Canal Circular Road, Kolkata
West Bengal-700054

Medical Gastroenterology

6

Army Hospital (R and R)
Delhi Cantt, New Delhi
Delhi-110010

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Artemis Health Institute
Sector 51, Gurgaon
Haryana-122001

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Asian Institute of Gastroenterology
6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad
Telangana-500082

Medical Gastroenterology

14

Aster CMI Hospital
#43/2, New Airport Road, NH - 7, Sahakara Nagar, Hebbal,
Bangalore
Karnataka-560092

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Aster Medcity
Kuttisahib Road, Near Kothad Bridge, South Chittoor P. O.,
Cheranalloor, Kochi
Kerala-682027

Medical Gastroenterology

3

Baby Memorial Hospital
Indira Gandhi Road, Kozhikode
Kerala-673004

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Batra Hospital and Medical Research
Centre
1, Tuglakabad Institutional Area, M.B. Road,
Delhi-110062

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Believers Church Medical College
Hospital
St. Thomas Nagar, Kuttapuzha P O, Thiruvalla
Kerala-689103

Medical Gastroenterology

3

BGS Global Hospital
67, Uttrahalli Road, Kengeri, Bangalore
Karnataka-560060

Medical Gastroenterology

2

BIG Apollo Spectra Hospitals
Sheetla Mandir Road, Agam Kuan, Patna
Bihar-800030

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Choithram Hospital and Research Centre
Manik Bagh Road, INDORE
Madhya Pradesh-452014

Medical Gastroenterology

3

Continental Hospital
Plot No. 3, Road No. 2, IT and Financial District,
Nanakramguda, Gachibowli, Hyderabad
Telangana-500032

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Cygnus Institute of Gastroenterology
Plot No 34 and 35, Nizampet X Road, Opp More Supermarket,
Sardar Patel Nagar, Hyderabad
Telangana-500072

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and
Research Centre.
8+13/2, Erandwane, Near Mhatre Bridge, Pune
Maharashtra-411004

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Dr. B L Kapur Memorial Hospital
Pusa Road, New Delhi
Delhi-110005

Medical Gastroenterology

3

Fortis Escorts Heart Institute
Okhla Road, New Delhi
Delhi-110025

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Fortis Escorts Hospital
Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur
Rajasthan-302017

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Fortis Hospital
A- Block, Shalimar Bagh
Delhi-110088

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Fortis Hospital
Mundian Kalan, Chandigarh Road, Ludhiana
Punjab-141015

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Fortis Hospital
Sector-62, Phase-VIII, Mohali
Punjab-160062

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Fortis Memorial Research Institute
Sector-44, Opposite HUDA CITY centre Metro Station, Gurgaon,
Haryana-122002

Medical Gastroenterology

1

GCS Medical College, Hospital And
Research Centre
Opp. Drm Office, Near Chamunda Bridge, Naroda Road, Ahmedabad
Gujarat-380025

Medical Gastroenterology

2

GEM Hospital
Thiruvengadam Nagar, Perungudi, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600096

Medical Gastroenterology

1

GEM Hospital and Research Centre
45-A, Pankaja Mill Road, Ramanathapuram, COIMBATORE
Tamil Nadu-641045

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Gleneagles Global Hospital
6-1-1070/1 to 4, Lakdi-Ka-Pool, Hyderabad
Telangana-4

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Global Hospital - Super Specialty and
Transplant Centre
35, Dr. E Borges Road, Hospital Avenue, Opp Shirodkar High
School, Parel, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400012

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Global Hospital and Health City
(A unit of Ravindernath GE Medical Associate Pvt Ltd) No-439,
Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600100

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Government Medical College
Karan- Nagar, Srinagar
Jammu and Kashmir-190010

Medical Gastroenterology

4

Indian Institute Of Liver and
Digestive Sciences
Sitala(east), Malipukuria, jagadispur, Sonarpur, South 24
Parganas.
West Bengal-700150

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi
Delhi-110076

Medical Gastroenterology

6

J.L.N. Main Hospital and Research
Centre
Bhilai Steel Plant, Sector-9, BHILAI
Chhattisgarh-490009

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre
15, Dr. Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400026

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Kasturba Medical College Hospital
(KMC Hospital)
Dr. B R Ambedkar Circle, Jyothi Balmatta Road, Mangalore
Karnataka-575001

Medical Gastroenterology

4

Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
P B No.1, Anayara P O, Trivandrum
Kerala-695029

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital
and Medical Research Institute
Achyutrao Patwardhan Marg, 4 Bunglows, Andheri (W), Mumbai
Maharashtra-400053

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Kozhikode District Co-Operative
Hospital
Eranhipalam
Kerala-673006

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad
Telangana-500003

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Lakeshore Hospital and Research
Centre Ltd.
Maradu, Nettoor P.O. Kochi, Ernakulam, Kerala
Kerala-682040

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Lisie Medical Institution
P.O. Box 3053, KOCHI-18 Kerala
Kerala-682018

Medical Gastroenterology

3

M.I.O.T. Hospital
4/112, Mt-Poonamallee Rd, Nanapakkam, CHENNAI
Tamil Nadu-600089

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Madras Medical Mission Hospital
4A Dr Jayalalitha Ngr, Mogappair CHENNAI
Tamil Nadu-600037

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences
Mini Bye Pass, Govindapuram, Calicut
Kerala-673016

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Manipal Hospital
No. 98, Rustum Bagh, Old Airport Road, Bangalore
Karnataka-560017

Medical Gastroenterology

3

Max Super Specialty Hospital
(A unit of Balaji Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre)
108A, Opp Sanchar Apartments, IP Extension, Patparganj,New Delhi
Delhi-110092

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Max Super Specialty Hospital
(Formerly- Pushpanjali Crosslay Hospital) W-3, Sector-1,
Vaishali, Ghaziabad
Uttar Pradesh-201012

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Max Super Specialty Hospital
1,2, Press Enclave Road, Saket,
Delhi-110017

Medical Gastroenterology

5

Max Super Specialty Hospital
A Unit of Hometrail Buildtech Pvt Ltd. Civil Hospital Premises
Phase - VI, Mohali
Punjab-160055

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Max Super Specialty Hospital
FC-50, C and D Block, Shalimar Bagh, New Delhi
Delhi-110088

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Medanta The Medicity
Sector-38, Gurgaon
Haryana-122001

Medical Gastroenterology

4

Medica Superspecialty Hospital
127 Mukundapur, E M Bypass, Kolkata
West Bengal-700099

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Medical Trust Hospital
M G Road, Kochi
Kerala-682016

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Meenakshi Mission Hospital and
Research Centre
Lake Area, Melur Road, MADURAI
Tamil Nadu-625107

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Meitra Hospital
KARAPARAMBA-KUNDUPARAMBA MINI BYPASS ROAD, EDAKKAD POST,
CALICUT
Kerala-673005

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital
(NH-Narayana Health City, Bangalore) #258/A, Bommasandra
Industrial Area, Anekal Taluk, Bangalore
Karnataka-560099

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Nizam`s Institute of Medical Sciences
Punjagutta, Hyderabad
Telangana-500082

Medical Gastroenterology

2

P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and
Medical Research Centre
Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400016

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Pace Hospitals
Plot Number 23, HUDA Techno Enclave, Patrika Nagar, Madhapur,
Hyderabad,
Telangana-500081

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Paras Hospital
C-1, Shushant Lok Phase-I, Gurgaon
Haryana-122002

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Peerless Hospital and B K Roy
Research Centre
360, Panchasayar, KOLKATA
West Bengal-700094

Medical Gastroenterology

4

Pondicherry Inst. of Med. Scs.
Ganapathichettikulam, Kalapet, Pondicherry
Pondicherry-605014

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Pushpagiri Institute of Medical
Sciences and Research Centre
Pushpagiri Medical College Hospital, Tiruvalla
Kerala-689101

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Pushpawati Singhania Hospital
Press Enclave, Sheikh Sarai Ph-II,
Delhi-110017

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Rabindranath Tagore International
Institute of Cardiac Sciences
Premises No.1489, 124, Mukundapur, E M Bypass, Near
Santhoshpur Connector, KOLKATA
West Bengal-700099

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Rajagiri Hospital
Chunangamveli Aluva Ernakulam District
Kerala-683112

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Ramkrishna Care Hospital
Aurobindo Enclave, Pachpedhi Naka, Dhamtari Road, N. H. 43,
Raipur
Chhattisgarh-492001

Medical Gastroenterology

1

S R Kalla Memorial Gastro and General
Hospital
78-79 Dhuleshwar Garden Sardar Patel Marg Behind Hsbc Bank
C-Scheme Jaipur
Rajasthan-302001

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Sakra World Hospital
(A Unit of Takshasila Hospitals Operating Private Limited) No.
52/2, 52/3, Devarabeesanahalli, Varthur Hobli, Bangalore
Karnataka-560103

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Santokbha Durlabhji Memorial Hospital
Cum Medical Research Institute
Bhawani Singh Marg, JAIPUR
Rajasthan-302015

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre
YMCA Road, Sector-08, Faridabad
Haryana-121006

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Satguru Partap Singh Hospital
Sherpur Chowk, G T Road, Ludhiana
Punjab-141003

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Shri Balaji Action Medical Institute
FC-34, A-4, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi
Delhi-110063

Medical Gastroenterology

2

SIDS Hospital and Research Center
JJ Desai Empire, Vijay Nagar, Gate No. 3, Opp. Gandhi College,
Majura Gate, Ring Road, Surat
Gujarat-395001

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Sir Ganga Ram Hospital
Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi
Delhi-110060

Medical Gastroenterology

4

Sir Hurkisondas Nurrotumdas Hospital
and Research Centre
Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Gordhan Bapa Chowk, Prathana Samaj,
Mumbai
Maharashtra-40004

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Sree Gokulam Medical College Research
Foundation
Venjaramoodu P.O., Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala-695607

Medical Gastroenterology

2

SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences
No. 1, Jawaharlal Nehru Salai, 100 ft Road, Vadapalani, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600026

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Suyash Hospital (Suyash Institute of
Medical Science)
Gudhiyari Road, Behind Hotel Piccadily, Kota, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh-492001

Medical Gastroenterology

2

VGM Gastrocentre
2100,Trichy Road, Rajalakshmi Mills Stop, Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu-641005

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Yashoda Hospital
Behind Hari Hara Kala Bhawan, S.P. Road, Secunderabad
Telangana-500003

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital
Nalgonda X Road, Malakpet, Hyderabad
Telangana-500036

Medical Gastroenterology

2

Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital
Raj Bhavan Road, Somajiguda, Hyderabad
Telangana-500082

Medical Gastroenterology

1

Syllabus

A DrNB
in Medical Gastroenterology is a three years specialization course
that provides training in the stream of
Medical Gastroenterology.

The course
content for DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is given in the NBE
Curriculum released by the National Board of Examinations, which can be assessed
through the link mentioned below:

DrNB Medical Gastroenterology In India: Check Out NBE Released Curriculum

Broad guidelines

1. For a broad sub specialty like Medical Gastroenterology it is difficult to decode limits of syllabus .

2. Science is very progressive and ever advancing so every candidate getting trained is advised to keep following the developments closely

3. The objective of the syllabus is an outline of scope of available theory.

i) Basic Sciences

Anatomy and Physiology

• Immune system of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its importance in various GI disorders

• Molecular biology in relation to GIT

• Genetic diseases of the GIT and the liver

• Gene therapy

• GI tumors and tumor biology

• Gastrointestinal hormones in health and diseases

• Embryology of the gut, liver, pancreas and congenital anomalies

• Enteric microbiota

ii) Symptoms, Syndromes, and Scenarios

• Heartburn and noncardiac chest pain Dysphagia and odynophagia

• Chronic or recurrent abdominal pain,

Dyspepsia: ulcer and non-ulcer/bloating and early satiety/belching and rumination

 Nausea and vomiting

• Disorders of defecation

• Diarrhea

• Fecal incontinence

• Rectal bleeding

• Anorectal pain and pruritus ani

• Functional gastrointestinal disease,

• Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, Weight loss, Gastrointestinal causes of anemia and occult bleeding,

• Intestinal gas

• Upper and lower gastro-intestinal bleeding

• Gastrointestinal tuberculosis

iii) Esophagus

• Basic anatomy, histology and physiology

• Congenital anomalies

• Motility of the esophagus and motor disorders Mechanism of deglutition and dysphagia

• Approach to a patient with dysphagia

• Gastro-esophageal reflux disease

• Tumors of the esophagus

• Esophageal webs, membranes and diverticulum

• Management of benign and malignant esophageal strictures

• Esophagus and systemic diseases

• Infectious diseases of the esophagus

• Foreign bodies in the esophagus and stomach

• Esophageal perforation

• Drug induced esophagitis

• EUS: Techniques, diagnosis, therapy

iv) Stomac

• Anatomy, histology, functions

• Physiology of acid and bicarbonate secretion in health and diseases

• Defence mechanisms against acid and pepsin

• Gastroduodenal motor function in health and diseases.

• Gastritis (nonspecific and specific)

• Helicobacter pylori infection

• Peptic ulcer

• Dyspepsia

• Stress and stomach

• Gastric hypersecretory states including Zollinger Ellison syndrome

• Ulcer complications and their management

• Surgery for peptic ulcer

• Post gastrectomy complication

• Bezoars

• Tumors of the stomach

• Diverticuli and hernia of the stomach

• UGI Endoscopy: technique, diagnosis, therapy

v) Small Intestine

• Anatomy, blood supply, histology

• Motility of the small intestine

• Congenital anomalies

• Normal absorption of the nutrients

• Intestinal electrolyte absorption and secretion

• Malabsorption syndromes Pathophysiology, manifestations and approach

• Celiac sprue

• Infection related diseases a. Intestinal microflora in health and diseases

b.Tropical sprue

c. Whipple's disease

d. Infectious diarrhoea and food poisoning

e. Parasitic diseases

• Small intestinal ulcers

• Short bowel syndrome and intestinal transplantation.

• Eosinophilic gastroenteritis

• Food allergies

• Intestinal obstruction and pseudo-obstruction

• Short bowel syndrome

• Acute appendicitis

• Malrotation of the gut

• Bezoars

• Management of diarrhea

• GI lymphomas

• Small intestinal tumors

• Small intestinal transplantation

• Enteroscopy: Technique, diagnosis, therapy

vi) Colon

• Basic anatomy blood supply, histology and functions

• Motility of the colon and disorders of motility

• Congenital anomalies

• Megacolon

• Constipation

• Colonic pseudo-obstruction

• Fecal incontinence

• Antibiotic associated diarrhea

• Inflammatory bowel disease a. Ulcerative colitis

b. Crohn's disease

c.Indeterminate colitis

d. Ileostomies and its management

• Diverticular disease of the colon

• Radiation entero-colitis

• Colonic polyps and polyposis syndromes

• Malignant diseases of the colon

• Other inflammatory diseases of colon including a. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome

b. Diversion colitis

c. Collagenous and microscopic colitis

d. Non specific ulcerations of the colon

e. Malakoplakia

f. Pneumatoses cystoids intestinalis

• Hemorrhoids

• Diseases of the anorectum

• Tubercosis of g.i. tract peritoneum

• Colonoscopy and iloscopy: Technique, Diagnosis, therapy

vii) Pancreas

• Anatomy, physiology, blood supply, developmental anomalies

• Physiology of the pancreatic secretion

• Pancreatic function tests

• Acute pancreatitis

• Recurrent acute pancreatitis

• Chronic pancreatitis

• Malignancies of the pancreas(Exocrine and endocrine)

• Cystic fibrosis and other childhood disorders of the pancreas

• Hereditary pancreatitis

• Pancreatic transplantation

• Pancreatic ERCP: Techniques, Diagnosis, therapy

viii) Biliary Tree

• Anatomy, Physiology

• Physiology of bile formation and excretion

• Enterohepatic circulation

• Bilirubin metabolism.

• Approach to a patients with jaundice

• Gallstones, its complications, and management

• Acute acalculous cholecystitis

• Miscellaneous disorders of the gallbladder

• Acute cholangitis

• Benign biliary structure

• Benign and malignant neoplasms of the biliary system.

• Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction.

• Motility and dysmotility of the biliary system and sphincter of Oddidysfunction

• Congenital diseases of the biliary systems

• Biliary ERCP and cholangioscopy: Diagnosis and therapy

ix) Liver

• Anatomy, physiology, blood supply

• Functions of the liver

• Microcirculation of liver

• Liver function tests

• Portal hypertension i. Extrahepatic portosplenic vein obstruction ii. Non cirrhotic portal fibrosis iii. Cirrhosis

• Acute viral hepatitis

• Chronic hepatitis

• Fulminant hepatic failure

• Subacute hepatic failure

• Cirrhosis of liver

• Ascites

• Hepatorenal syndrome

• Autoimmune liver disease

• Metabolic liver disease

• Sclerosing cholangitis- primary and secondary

• Primary biliary cirrhosis

• Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction

• Fibrocystic diseases of the liver

• Wilson's disease

• Hemochromatosis

• Liver in porphyria

• Hepatic tumors

• Infections of the liver

• Liver in pregnancy

• Liver in congestive heart failure ,Liver diseases and pregnancy,

• Liver biopsy

• Liver transplantation and artificial liver support Liver transplantation

• Liver transplantation: indications and selection of candidates and immediate complications

x) Peritorium and Retroperitoneum

• Ascites

• Chronic peritonitis

• Budd-Chiari syndrome

• Malignant ascites

• Diseases of the retroperitoneum

xi) Diseases of Multiple Organ Systems

• Oral Disease and Oral-Cutaneous Manifestations of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

• Disorders of Mouth and Tongue,

• Mucocutaneous Candidasis, Mucocutaneous Features of HIV Infection,

• Mucocutaneous Ulcerative Disease,

• Eosinophilic disorder

• Vesiculobullous Diseases,

• Cutaneous Manifestations of Intestinal Disease

• Collagen vascular and vasculitic disorders

• AIDS and the gut,

• Graft-versus-host disease,

• Radiation and other physicochemical injury

• Systemic amyloidosis,

• Foreign bodies

• Porphyria

• Cutaneous manifestations of GI diseases

xii) Psychosocial factors

• A Biopsychosocial Understanding of Gastrointestinal Illness and Disease Case Study:

• A Typical Patient in a Gastroenterology Practice,

• The Biomedical Model,

• The Biopsychosocial Model

xiii) Nutrition

• Normal nutritional requirements

• Assessment of nutritional status

• Protein energy malnutrition

• Manifestations and management of nutritional deficiency and excess

• Nutritional support in various GI disorders (malabsorption, acute

and chronic pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease) Vascular Diseases of the GI Tract

xiv) Paediatric Gastroenterology

• Congenital disorders of gastrointestinal system, liver, biliary tract and pancreas

• Age related physiological and psychological variables of children

• Unique aspects of disease in paediatric age group as compared to adult

xv) Geriatric Gastroenterology

• General Issues:

o Impact of age on presentation, diagnosis and treatment of importantgastrointestinal conditions.

o Impact of depression and dementia on presentation and treatment.

o Pathophysiology of aging

o Social and ethical issues Geriatric gastroenterology

• Changes of G.I. function with aging, (e.g.) slowing of colonic motility and rectaldysfunction

• Changes in drug metabolism

• Effect of aging on nutrition

• GI problems in institutionalized and bedridden patients (e.g) fecal impaction asrisk factor for urine incontinence.

xvi) Womens Health Issues in Digestive Diseases

1. General women health issues

• Doctor-patient relationships

• Cultural and religious issues

• oPsycho-social issues

• Lab values and diagnostic tests - Gender differences as well as changes during pregnancy in normal lab values

2. Specific women health issues

 Health and disease states – gender difference in demographics,

epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation.

 Effect of menstrual cycle and menopause on digestive disease

 Pharmacokinetics of medications – differences in absorption, metabolism and therapeutic response.

3. Pregnancy and child bearing

 GI and liver changes / disorders in normal pregnancy

 Effect of pre-existing GI and liver disorders on pregnancy and fertility.

 Impact of pregnancy on gastrointestinal & liver disease

 GI and liver disorders unique to pregnancy

 Maternal-fetal transmission of infections and appropriate management of mother and infant

 Pharmacokinetics and interactions of medications during pregnancy and breast feeding - potential harm to fetus.

 Nutritional requirements Post-partum issues Rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids, urinary / fecal incontinence

xvii) Research

 Basic knowledge of clinical research methods, biostatistics, epidemiology and ethics.

 Basic knowledge of cell biology, molecular biology, molecular genetics and immunology

 Critical analysis of current literature, ability to formulate research questions,make a study design, calculate sample size, data management, ways to avoid bias etc

 Preparation of proposals for funding and evaluation by institutional review boards

 Presentation of work in written/oral form at Conferences 6. Help mentors in peer review of articles submitted for publications.

xviii) Primer of Diagnostic Methods: Endoscopic

 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and mucosal biopsy

 Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and biopsy

 Endoscopic ultrasonography,

 Diagnostic and interventional endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography

 Enteroscopy (single or double-balloon)

 Capsule endoscopy

 Percutaneous ultrasound

 Barium radiology

 Computed tomography

 Magnetic resonance imaging,

 Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,

 Positron emission tomography

 Non-invasive liver assessment

 Functional testing

 Gastrointestinal motility testing

 Measurement of portal pressure

 Liver biopsy

xix) Primer of Treatments

 Medical treatments of various GI diseases

 Drug prescription in liver disease,

 Nutritional assessment and support

 Therapeutic endoscopy

 Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding control

 Variceal ligation, glue injection for varices and other lesions

 Snare polypectomy and foreign body removal from GI Tract

 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

 Endoscopic techniques of removing early gastrointestinal neoplams,

 Dilation and stenting of the gastrointestinal tract,

 The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS Interventional radiology) (Observation only)

 Paracentesis

xx) Miscellaneous

 Biostatistics & clinical epidemiology

 Preventive Gastroenterology and Hepatology

 Management of GI emergencies like upper and lower GI bleed, Acute pancreatitis, hepatic encephalopathy and cholangitis

 Psychological factors in GI diseases

 Medicine relevant to Gastroenterology

 Bio ethics, ethical issue in transplantation, including 'Human Organ Transplant Act'

xxi) Laboratory Methods

The candidate is expected to perform routine stool examination and ultrasonography. In addition he/she must familiarize himself/herself with the following investigations:

 Liver function tests

 Auto analyzer functioning

 Gastro and Liver pathology interpretation including immuno-fluoresence andelectron microscopy.

 Electrolyte and acid base analysis

 Digital subtraction angiography.

 Selective Gastrointestinal angiography and interventional angioplasty andstenting

 Doppler studies

 CT imaging

 Magnetic resonance imaging including MRCP

 Percutaneous Trans hepatic Biliary Drainage (PTBD)

 Various gastro-intestinal isotope imaging and functional technique Microbiology:

 Viral, Bacterial and fungal cultures, Serological and PCR techniques andImmunological test:

 ANA, anti SMA, Anti-LKM, AMA and ANCA, TTG, Anti-endomysial antibody

 Research: The candidate will present at least two paper in the national conference and publish at least one paper in a journal. Practical work:

 Radiology: Reading and interpreting the common x-ray films including X- ray films of the abdomen

 Barium studies

 Ultrasound examination, CT scans

 MR scans and angiography and ERCP films

 GI Pathology Reading and interpreting histological slides of commongastrointestinal and liver disease.

xxii) Gastroenterology and Enviroment Impact on Gastroenterology and Liver physiology due to environmental changes including Air, pollution, Climate change and Heat wave such as

 Effect of air quality on g.i. microbiome

 Effect of heat wave on GI infections and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

 Effect of air pollution in GI Endoscopy unit

 Relationship of air pollution and peptic ulcer bleeding etc.

 Effect of water contamination on GI health

xxiii) Others

 Ethics

 Medico legal aspects relevant to the discipline

 Health Policy issues as may be applicable to the discipline

ROTATION

During the Training Period.

The resident would be required to rotate through clinical gastroenterology, hepatology, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. In addition, he/she will spend some time in rotations through allied specialities (pathology, radiology, laboratory medicine etc.) Extramural rotations (Institutions outside the primary centre) or rotation at affiliated centres for a maximum period of 3 months may be allowed during after the 1st year of training.

Posting in Gastroenterology

1) Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

2) Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy

3) Radiology / Pathology

4) OPD consultation

5) Critical care and Emergency

The pattern of training in each of the semester would be as follows :

1st year

Clinical ward posting including ICU, Initiating Research process, Human Rights information Awareness about right to information, Development of communication skills both in the vernacular and English language, Ethical training, Defining brain death, Counseling for organ transplantation, Computer orientation.

2nd year

Change of posting to a busier ward with greater responsibility Independent OPD and Oesophagogastro duodenoscopy under supervision, Organising CME,workshops and seminars

3rd year

Change of posting – Independent charge of the wards, Independent Oesophagogastro duodenoscopy and based procedures Teaching (Inter and intradepartmental) Organising CME, workshops and seminars.

Schedule of Posting

The residents should be posted in the gastroenterology ward, emergency (casualty) and gastroenterology intensive care unit during the three year course. They should also undergo rotation in allied specialties. The following should be the training program in the department

1. Gastroenterology Ward - 2 years

2. Endoscopy Lab - 4 months

3. Gastroenterology ICU/ Emergency- 6 months

4. Pathology- 2 weeks.

5. Microbiology- 2 weeks.

6. Radiology - 1 month

Career Options

After completing a DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology,
candidates will get employment opportunities in Government as well as in the
Private sector.

In the Government sector,
candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior
Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor etc.

While in the Private sector the
options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Medical
Gastroenterology), Junior Consultant, Senior Consultant (Medical
Gastroenterology), etc.

Courses After DrNB
in Medical Gastroenterology Course

DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is a specialisation course that
can be pursued after finishing a Postgraduate medical course. After pursuing
specialisation in DrNB in Medical
Gastroenterology, a candidate could also pursue certificate courses and
Fellowship programmes recognized by NMC and NBE, where DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is a feeder qualification.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – DrNB
in Medical Gastroenterology
Course

Question: What is the full form of DrNB?

Answer: The full form of DrNB is Doctorate of National
Board.

Question: What is a DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology?

Answer: DrNB Medical
Gastroenterology or Doctorate
of National Board in Medical Gastroenterology also known as
DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is
a super specialty level course for doctors in India that is done by them after
completion of their postgraduate medical degree course.

Question: What is the duration of a DrNB in Medical
Gastroenterology?

Answer: DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology is a super specialty programme of three years.

Question: What is the eligibility of a DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology?

Answer: Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) obtained from any college/university recognized by the MCI (Now NMC)/NBE, this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

Question:
What is the scope of a DrNB in Medical
Gastroenterology?

Answer:
DrNB in Medical Gastroenterology
offers candidates various employment opportunities and career prospects.

Question:
What is the average salary for a DrNB in
Medical Gastroenterology candidate?

Answer:
The DrNB in the candidate's average salary is between Rs. 4 Lakh to Rs. 45 Lakh per year depending on the experience.

Question: Can you teach after completing DrNB Course?

Answer: Yes, the candidate can teach in a medical
college/hospital after completing DrNB course.

Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, formerly known as Willingdon Hospital, was established by the British for their staff and had only 54 beds. After independence, its control was shifted to New Delhi Municipal Committee. In 1954, its control was again transferred to the Central Government of Independent India.

RML Hospital Vacancy Details:

Total no of vacancies: 08

The Vacancies are in the department of - Pediatric Surgery.

The date of Walk In Interview is 17th January 2023.

Venue and Timing of Interview:- Hospital Administration Section-II, Academic Block, Ground Floor, ABVIMS, Dr.RML Hospital, New Delhi-110001 from 09.30 A.M. to 10.00 A.M.

For more details about Qualifications, Age, Pay Allowance, and much more, click on the given link:

https://medicaljob.in/jobs.php?post_type=&job_tags=RML+Hopital+Vacancies&location=&job_sector=all

Eligible Candidates (How to Apply)?

Interested & eligible candidates should present themselves for the registration skill test/interview on the date of walk in interview.

The candidates must bring the filled application form (as per Annexure A) and the following original certificates at the time of registration (with one set of self-attested copies of all documents) [The documents should be serially page numbered):

1. Class 10th Pass certificate for age proof.

2. Mark Sheet of MBBS (Part I, II, and Final Year)

3. MBBS Degree

4. MS (PG), DNB/M.Ch (Pediatric Surgery) degree Certificate from University.

5. Proof of publication/presenting paper in indexed PUBMED Journal only, if any.

6. Caste/Community Certificate. OBC Certificate with required validity as mentioned above.

7. NOC from present employer (if employed).

8. Registration Certificates for eligibility as per point 1 of Eligibility Criteria.

All information regarding the result, offer letter, joining, etc. will be uploaded on the hospital website (www.rmlh.nic.in) only. Dr. RML Hospital will not be made individual communication to any candidates.

The crucial date of determination of eligibility will be the date of the Interview.

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Cristina Mitchell

10 Jan 2023

DrNB Neurology
or Doctorate of National Board in Neurology also known as DrNB in Neurology is
a super specialty level course for doctors in India that is done by them after
completion of their postgraduate medical degree course. The duration of this super specialty course is 3
years, and it focuses on the diagnosis
and treatment of the central and peripheral nervous systems including their blood vessels, nerves, and muscles.

The course
is a full-time course pursued at various accredited institutes/hospitals across
the country. Some of the top accredited institutes/hospitals offering this
course include Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Kerala, Apollo BGS Hospital,
Mysore, Karnataka, Apollo Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, and
more.

Admission to this course is done through the NEET-SS Entrance exam
conducted by the National Board of Examinations, followed by counseling based
on the scores of the exam that is conducted by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities.

The fee
for pursuing DrNB (Neurology) varies from accredited institutes/hospital to
hospital and may range from Rs.1,05,000 to
Rs.1,25,000 per annum.

After completion of their respective course, doctors can either join the
job market or can pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programs recognized by
NMC and NBE. Candidates can take reputed jobs at positions as Senior residents,
Consultants, etc. with an approximate salary range of
Rs.6,00,000 to Rs.60,00,000 per
annum.

DNB is equivalent to
MD/MS/DM/MCH degrees awarded respectively in medical and surgical super
specialties. The list of recognized qualifications awarded
by the Board in various broad and super specialties as approved by the
Government of India are included in the first schedule of the Indian Medical
Council Act, 1956.

The Diplomate of National Board in
broad-specialty qualifications and super specialty qualifications when
granted in a medical institution with the attached hospital or a hospital with
the strength of five hundred or more beds, by the National Board of
Examinations, shall be equivalent in all respects to the corresponding
postgraduate qualification and the super-specialty qualification granted under
the Act, but in all other cases, senior residency in a medical college for an
additional period of one year shall be required for such qualification to be
equivalent for teaching also.

What is DrNB in Neurology?

Doctorate of National Board in Neurology, also
known as DrNB (Neurology) or DrNB in (Neurology) is a three-year super
specialty program that candidates can pursue after completing a postgraduate
degree.

Neurology is the branch of medical science
dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of the central and peripheral nervous systems including their blood vessels, nerves, and muscles.

The National
Board of Examinations (NBE) has released a curriculum for DrNB in Neurology.

The curriculum
governs the education and
training of DrNB in Neurology.

The postgraduate students must gain ample knowledge and
experience in the diagnosis, and treatment of patients with acute, serious, and
life-threatening medical and surgical diseases.

PG education intends to create specialists who can
contribute to high-quality health care and advances in science through research
and training.

The required training done by a postgraduate specialist in
the field of Neurology would help
the specialist to recognize the health needs of the community. The student
should be competent to handle medical problems effectively and should be aware
of the recent advances in their specialty.

The candidate is also expected to know the principles of
research methodology and modes of the consulting library. The candidate should
regularly attend conferences, workshops, and CMEs to upgrade her/ his knowledge.

Course
Highlights

Here are some of the course highlights of DrNB in Neurology

Name of Course

DrNB in Neurology

Level

Doctorate

Duration of Course

Three years

Course Mode

Full Time

Minimum Academic Requirement

Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) or  MD/DNB (Paediatrics), this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

Admission Process /
Entrance Process / Entrance Modalities

Entrance Exam
(NEET-SS)

INI CET for various AIIMS, PGIMER Chandigarh, JIPMER Puducherry, NIMHANS Bengaluru

Counseling by DGHS/MCC/State Authorities

Course Fees

Rs.1,05,000 to Rs.1,25,000 per annum

Average Salary

Rs.6,00,000 to Rs.60,00,000 per annum

Eligibility Criteria

The eligibility criteria for DrNB in Neurology are defined as the
set of rules or minimum prerequisites that aspirants must meet to be
eligible for admission, which includes: 

Name of the super specialty course

Course Type

Prior Eligibility Requirement

Neurology

DrNB

MD/DNB (General Medicine)

MD/DNB (Paediatrics)

Note:

·
The feeder qualification for DrNB (Neurology) is defined by the NBE
and is subject to changes by the NBE.

·
The feeder qualification mentioned here
is as of 2022.

·
For any changes, please refer to the
NBE website.

• The prior entry qualifications shall be strictly
  by Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000, and its
  amendments notified by the NMC and any clarification issued from NMC in this
  regard.
• The candidate must have obtained permanent
  registration with any State Medical Council to be eligible for admission.
• The medical college's recognition cut-off dates
  for the Postgraduate Degree courses shall be as prescribed by the Medical
  Council of India (now NMC).

Admission Process

The admission process contains a few steps to
be followed in order by the candidates for admission to DrNB in Neurology. Candidates can view the complete admission
process for DrNB in Neurology
mentioned below:

• The NEET-SS or
  National Eligibility Entrance Test for Super specialty courses is a
  national-level master's level examination conducted by the NBE for admission to
  DM/MCh/DrNB Courses.
• Qualifying Criteria-Candidates placed at the
  50th percentile or above shall be declared as qualified in the NEET-SS in their
  respective specialty.
• The following medical institutions are not
  covered under centralized admissions for DM/MCh courses through NEET-SS:

1.
AIIMS, New Delhi, and other AIIMS

2.
PGIMER, Chandigarh

3.
JIPMER, Puducherry

4.
NIMHANS, Bengaluru

• Candidates from all eligible feeder specialty
  subjects shall be required to appear in the question paper of the respective group if they are willing to opt for a super specialty course in any of the super
  specialty courses covered in that group.
• A candidate can opt for appearing in the
  question papers of as many groups for which his/her Postgraduate specialty
  qualification is an eligible feeder qualification.
• By appearing in the question paper of a group
  and on qualifying for the examination, a candidate shall be eligible to exercise
  his/her choices in the counseling only for those super specialty subjects
  covered in the said group for which his/ her broad specialty is an eligible feeder
  qualification.

Fees Structure

The fee structure for DrNB in Neurology varies from accredited institute/hospital to hospital. The fee is
generally less for Government Institutes and more for private institutes. The average fee structure for DrNB in Neurology ranges from Rs.1,05,000 to Rs.1,25,000 per annum.

Colleges offering DrNB in Neurology

Various accredited institutes/hospitals across India offer courses for pursuing DrNB in Neurology.

As per the National Board of Examinations website, the following accredited
institutes/hospitals are offering DrNB (Neurology)
courses for the academic year 2022-23.

Hospital/Institute

Specialty

No. of Accredited Seat(s)
(Broad/Super/Fellowship)

Amala Institute of Medical Sciences
Amala Nagar, THRISSUR
Kerala-680553

Neurology

2

Apollo BGS Hospital
Adichunchanagiri Road, Kuvempunagar, Mysore
Karnataka-570023

Neurology

1

Apollo Hospital
154/11, Opp. I.I.M., Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore
Karnataka-560076

Neurology

2

Apollo Hospital
21, Greams lane, Off Greams Rd, Thousand Lights, Chennai.
Tamil Nadu-600006

Neurology

2

Apollo Hospital
A Unit of Apollo Hospital Enterprises Limited New No. 1, Old No. 28, Platform
Road, Near Mantri Mall, Sheshadripuram, Bengaluru
Karnataka-560020

Neurology

2

Apollo Hospital
Plot No. 251 Sainik School Road Unit-15, Bhubaneshwar
Orissa-751005

Neurology

2

Apollo Hospital
Room No. 306, Office of the Director of Medical Education Jubilee Hills,
Hyderabad
Telangana-500033

Neurology

2

Apollo Hospital International
Plot No. 1A, GIDC Estate Bhat, District - Gandhi Nagar
Gujarat-382428

Neurology

1

Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals Limited
58, Canal Circular Road, Kolkata
West Bengal-700054

Neurology

2

Army Hospital (R and R)
Delhi Cantt, New Delhi
Delhi-110010

Neurology

2

Artemis Health Institute
Sector 51, Gurgaon
Haryana-122001

Neurology

1

Aster Medcity
Kuttisahib Road, Near Kothad Bridge, South Chittoor P. O., Cheranalloor,
Kochi
Kerala-682027

Neurology

1

Baby Memorial Hospital
Indira Gandhi Road, Kozhikode
Kerala-673004

Neurology

2

Batra Hospital and Medical Research Centre
1, Tuglakabad Institutional Area, M.B. Road,
Delhi-110062

Neurology

1

Believers Church Medical College Hospital
St. Thomas Nagar, Kuttapuzha P O, Thiruvalla
Kerala-689103

Neurology

3

Bombay Hospital
IDA Scheme no 94/95, Ring Road, Indore
Madhya Pradesh-452010

Neurology

2

Care Hospital
Exhibition Road, Nampally, Hyderabad
Telangana-500001

Neurology

2

Care Hospital
Road No. 1, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad
Telangana-500034

Neurology

4

Caritas Hospital
Thellakom P. O Kottayam
Kerala-686630

Neurology

2

CHL Hospital
A.B Road, LIG Square, Indore
Madhya Pradesh-452008

Neurology

1

Choithram Hospital and Research Centre
Manik Bagh Road, INDORE
Madhya Pradesh-452014

Neurology

1

Cosmopolitan Hospital
Murinjapalam, Pattom P O, TRIVANDRUM
Kerala-695004

Neurology

1

Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Centre.
8+13/2, Erandwane, Near Mhatre Bridge, Pune
Maharashtra-411004

Neurology

1

Dr. B L Kapur Memorial Hospital
Pusa Road, New Delhi
Delhi-110005

Neurology

2

Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College
Dist. Kangra At Tanda,
Himachal Pradesh-176002

Neurology

2

Dr. Ramesh Cardiac and Multispeciality Hospital
(Formerly Citi Cardiac Research Centre Ltd.) Ring Road, Near ITI College, Vijayawada
Andhra Pradesh-52008

Neurology

3

First Neuro, Brain and Spine Super Speciality Hospital
D.No.3-89/8, Kannur Village, Padil, Mangalore,
Karnataka-575007

Neurology

2

Fortis Escorts Hospital
Jawahar Lal Nehru Marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur
Rajasthan-302017

Neurology

2

Fortis Hospital
B-22, Sector-62, Noida
Uttar Pradesh-201301

Neurology

2

Fortis Hospital
Mulund Goregaon Link Road, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400078

Neurology

1

Fortis Hospital
Sector-62, Phase-VIII, Mohali
Punjab-160062

Neurology

2

Fortis Memorial Research Institute
Sector-44, Opposite HUDA CITY center Metro Station, Gurgaon,
Haryana-122002

Neurology

1

G Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital
Post Box No. 6327, Nethaji Road, Pappanaickenpalayam, Coimbatore
Tamil Nadu-641037

Neurology

1

Global Hospital and Health City
(A unit of Ravindernath GE Medical Associate Pvt Ltd) No-439, Cheran Nagar,
Perumbakkam, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600100

Neurology

1

Government Medical College
Karan- Nagar, Srinagar
Jammu and Kashmir-190010

Neurology

2

Govt. Medical College
B-5, Medical Enclave, Jammu
Jammu and Kashmir-180001

Neurology

2

Indira Gandhi Govt. General Hospital and PG Institute
No. 1, Rue Victor Simonal Street, PONDICHERRY
Pondicherry-605001

Neurology

2

Indo-American Hospital
Brain and Spine Centre, Chemmanakary, Near Vaikom
Kerala-686143

Neurology

1

Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
Delhi-Mathura Road, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi
Delhi-110076

Neurology

2

Institute of Neurosciences
185/1, A J C Bose Road, Kolkata
West Bengal-700017

Neurology

3

Institute of Neurosciences
Nr. Valentino Business Hub, Opp.Khatodra BRTS Bus Stand, Surat
Gujarat-395001

Neurology

2

Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre
15, Dr. Gopalrao Deshmukh Marg, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400026

Neurology

2

Kalinga Hospital
Bhubaneswar
Orissa-751023

Neurology

2

Kasturba Medical College Hospital (KMC Hospital)
Dr. B R Ambedkar Circle, Jyothi Balmatta Road, Mangalore
Karnataka-575001

Neurology

3

Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
P B No.1, Anayara P O, Trivandrum
Kerala-695029

Neurology

3

Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research
Institute
Achyutrao Patwardhan Marg, 4 Bungalows, Andheri (W), Mumbai
Maharashtra-400053

Neurology

2

Kovai Medical Centre
Post Box No. 3209, Avinashi Road, Civil Arodrom Post, COIMBATORE
Tamil Nadu-641014

Neurology

1

Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad
Telangana-500003

Neurology

3

Kunhitharuvai Memorial Charitable Trust (KMCT) Medical College
Hospital
Manassery P O, Mukkam Calicut
Kerala-673602

Neurology

2

Lalitha Super Specialty Hospital
Kothapet, Guntur
Andhra Pradesh-522001

Neurology

2

Latha Super Specialty Hospital
# 29-14-58, PRAKASAM ROAD, SURYARAOPET, VIJAYAWADA
Andhra Pradesh-520002

Neurology

2

Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital,
Mumbai Maharashtra
Maharashtra-400022

Neurology

2

Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences
Mini Bye Pass, Govindapuram, Calicut
Kerala-673016

Neurology

2

Manipal Hospital
No. 98, Rustum Bagh, Old Airport Road, Bangalore
Karnataka-560017

Neurology

4

Max Super Specialty Hospital
(A unit of Balaji Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre) 108A, Opp Sanchar
Apartments, IP Extension, Patparganj, New Delhi
Delhi-110092

Neurology

2

Max Super Specialty Hospital
1,2, Press Enclave Road, Saket,
Delhi-110017

Neurology

3

Medanta The Medicity
Sector-38, Gurgaon
Haryana-122001

Neurology

4

Meitra Hospital
KARAPARAMBA-KUNDUPARAMBA MINI BYPASS ROAD, EDAKKAD POST, CALICUT
Kerala-673005

Neurology

2

MIMHANS NEUROSCIENCES HOSPITAL
281,283 SECTOR-1, MANGAL PANDEY NAGAR MEERUT
Uttar Pradesh-250004

Neurology

2

MMI Narayana Multispecialty Hospital
(Unit of Narayana Hrudayalaya Ltd.) Dhamtari Road, Lalpur
Chhattisgarh-492001

Neurology

2

Narayana Hrudayalaya Hospital
(NH-Narayana Health City, Bangalore) #258/A, Bommasandra Industrial Area,
Anekal Taluk, Bangalore
Karnataka-560099

Neurology

4

National Neuro Sciences Centre
Peerless Hospital Campus, 2nd Flr, 360 Panchasayar, Kolkata
West Bengal-94

Neurology

1

NEO Hospital
D-170A, Sector-50, NOIDA
Uttar Pradesh-201301

Neurology

2

P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre
Veer Savarkar Marg, Mahim, Mumbai
Maharashtra-400016

Neurology

2

Pacific Medical College and Hospital
Bhillo Ka Bedla, Amberi NH 76, Udaipur
Rajasthan-313001

Neurology

2

Paras HMRI Hospital
NH - 30, Raja Bazar, Bailey Road, Patna
Bihar-800014

Neurology

1

Paras Hospital
C-1, Shushant Lok Phase-I, Gurgaon
Haryana-122002

Neurology

1

Poona Hospital and Research Centre
27 Sadashivpeth, Pune
Maharashtra-411030

Neurology

1

Pt. B D Sharma, PGIMS,
Rohtak
Haryana-124001

Neurology

2

Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences
Premises No.1489, 124, Mukundapur, E M Bypass, Near Santhoshpur Connector,
KOLKATA
West Bengal-700099

Neurology

2

Ramkrishna Care Hospital
Aurobindo Enclave, Pachpedhi Naka, Dhamtari Road, N. H. 43, Raipur
Chhattisgarh-492001

Neurology

2

Ruby Hall Clinic
40 Sassoon Road Pune
Maharashtra-411001

Neurology

1

Sahyadri Super Specialty Hospital
Plot No. 30C, Erandawane, Karve Road, Pune.
Maharashtra-411004

Neurology

1

Santokbha Durlabhji Memorial Hospital Cum Medical Research
Institute
Bhawani Singh Marg, JAIPUR
Rajasthan-302015

Neurology

3

Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre
YMCA Road, Sector-08, Faridabad
Haryana-121006

Neurology

2

Satguru Partap Singh Hospital
Sherpur Chowk, G T Road, Ludhiana
Punjab-141003

Neurology

1

Seven Hills Hospital
D.No-11-4-4/A, Rockdale Layout, Visakhapatnam
Andhra Pradesh-530002

Neurology

1

Shree Krishna Hospital associated with Paramukhswami Medical
College
Gokal Nagar, Karamsad, Anand
Gujarat-388325

Neurology

2

Shri Balaji Action Medical Institute
FC-34, A-4, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi
Delhi-110063

Neurology

1

Sir Ganga Ram Hospital
Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi
Delhi-110060

Neurology

4

Sir Hurkisondas Nurrotumdas Hospital and Research Centre
Raja Ram Mohan Roy Road, Gordhan Bapa Chowk, Prathana Samaj, Mumbai
Maharashtra-40004

Neurology

2

Sree Gokulam Medical College Research Foundation
Venjaramoodu P.O., Thiruvananthapuram
Kerala-695607

Neurology

1

SRM Institutes for Medical Sciences
No. 1, Jawaharlal Nehru Salai, 100 ft Road, Vadapalani, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600026

Neurology

2

St. Stephen`s Hospital
Tees Hazari, New Delhi
Delhi-110054

Neurology

1

Star Hospital
8-2-596/5, RD. NO-10, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad
Telangana-500034

Neurology

1

Tamil Nadu Government Multi Superspeciality Hospital
Anna Salai, Chennai
Tamil Nadu-600007

Neurology

2

Uppal Neuro Hospital and Super Speciality Centre
4, Rani Ka Bagh, Amritsar
Punjab-143001

Neurology

2

Venkateshwar Hospital
Sector 18a, Dwarka,
Delhi-110075

Neurology

2

Yashoda Hospital
Behind Hari Hara Kala Bhawan, S.P. Road, Secunderabad
Telangana-500003

Neurology

2

Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital
Nalgonda X Road, Malakpet, Hyderabad
Telangana-500036

Neurology

2

Yashoda Super Speciality Hospital
Raj Bhavan Road, Somajiguda, Hyderabad
Telangana-500082

Neurology

2

Yenepoya Medical College Hospital
University Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore
Karnataka-575018

Neurology

2

Zydus Hospital
Near Sola Bridge, S G Highway, Ahmedabad
Gujarat-380054

Neurology

2

Syllabus

A DrNB
in Neurology is a three years specialization course that provides training
in the stream of Neurology.

The course
content for DrNB in Neurology is given in the NBE Curriculum released by the National Board of
Examinations, which can be assessed through the link mentioned below: 

DrNB Neurology In India: Check Out NBE Released Curriculum

1. The Clinical Method of Neurology

2. Cardinal Manifestations of Neurologic Disease

3. Growth and Development of the Nervous System

4. The Neurology of Aging

a. BASIC SCIENCES RELATED TO NEUROLOGY

i. NEUROANATOMY

The Neuroanatomy with special emphasis on the development of Neuraxis (brain, spinal cord and neurons, and glia), autonomic nervous system and their maturation process in the post-natal, childhood, and adolescent states; the location and significance of stem cells, CSF pathways, Blood supply and sinovenous drainage of the brain and spinal cord, the meninges, skull and vertebral column, the cranial nerves, spinal roots, plexuses, and their relation to neighboring structures; anatomy of peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction and muscles; histology of cerebrum, cerebellum, pituitary gland, brain stem, and spinal cord, nerves and neuromuscular junction and muscle. Functional anatomy of lobes of the cerebrum and white matter tracts of the brain and spinal cord, craniovertebral junction, CONUS, and epic bonus and cauda equina, brachial and lumbosacral plexuses, cavernous and other venous sinuses; New developments in the understanding of ultrastructural anatomy of neurons, axonal transport, neural networks and synapses and nerve cell function at the molecular level.

ii. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Neurophysiology will cover all the physiological changes in the nervous system during its normal function with special reference to nerve impulse transmission along myelinated fibers, neuromuscular junction, and synaptic transmission, muscle contraction; visual, auditory, and somatosensory and cognitive evoked potentials; regulation of secretions by glands, neural control of viscera such as heart, respiration, GI tract, bladder, and sexual function; sleep-wake cycles; maintenance of consciousness, special senses, control of pituitary functions, control of autonomic functions, cerebellar functions, extrapyramidal functions, reflexes, upper and lower motor neuron concepts, and sensory system.

iii. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The brain is the one structure where maximum genes are expressed in the human body. Principles of molecular biology including Gene Structure, Expression, and regulation; Recombinant DNA Technology; PCR Techniques, Molecular basis for neuronal and glial function, Molecular and cellular biology of the membranes and ion-channels, mitochondrial genome, the role of RNA in normal neuronal growth and functional expression, receptors of neurotransmitters, molecular and cellular biology of muscles and neuromuscular junction, etc, The Human Genome and its future implications for Neurology including developmental and neurogenetic disorders, bioethical implications and genetic counseling, Nerve growth and other trophic factors and neuroprotectors, Neural Tissue modification by genetic approaches including Gene Transfer, stem cell therapy, etc, Molecular Development of neural tissue in peripheral nerve repair are exciting areas where stunned to have basic exposure.

iv. NEUROCHEMISTRY

All aspects of normal and abnormal patterns of neurochemistry including neurotransmitters associated with different anatomical and functional areas of the brain and spinal cord, especially concerning dopaminergic, serotoninergic, adrenergic, and cholinergic systems, opioids, excitatory and inhibitory amino acids; their role in the pathogenesis of parkinsonism, depression, migraine, dementia, 8 epilepsy; neuromuscular junction and muscle contractions; carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism and the neural expression of disorders of their metabolism, electrolytes and their effect on encephalopathies and muscle membrane function, storage disorders, porphyrias

v. NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The application of neuropharmacology is the mainstay of all medical therapy for epilepsy, Parkinsonism, movement disorders, neuropsychiatric syndromes, spasticity, pain syndromes, and disorders of sleep and dysautonomic syndromes. Their drug interactions with commonly used other drugs, usage during disorders of renal, and hepatic function and in the demented, their adverse reactions, etc.

vi. NEUROPATHOLOGY

All pathological changes in various neurological diseases with special reference vascular, immune-mediated, de/dysmyelinating, metabolic and nutritional, genetic and developmental, infectious and iatrogenic, and neoplastic aetiologies to clinical correlation included. Special emphasis on pathological changes in nerve and muscle in neuropathies and myopathies. Ultrastructural pathologies such as apoptosis, ubiquitinopathies, mitochondrion, channelopathies, peroxisomal disorders, inclusion bodies, prion diseases, disorders mediated by antibodies against various cell and nuclear components, paraneoplastic disorders, etc.

vii. NEUROMICROBIOLOGY

The various microbiological aspects of infectious neurologic diseases including encephalitis, meningitis, brain abscess, granulomas, myelitis, cold abscess, cerebral malaria, parasitic cysts of the nervous system, rhinocerebral mycoses, leprous neuritis, neuroleptospirosis, Primary and secondary Neuro HIV infections, congenital TORCH infections of the brain, slow virus infections such as JCD and SSPE, neurological complications of viral infections such as Polio, EBV, Chickenpox, Rabies, Herpes, Japanese encephalitis, and other epidemic viral infections

viii. NEUROTOXICOLOGY

Organophosphorus poisoning, hydrocarbon poisoning, lead, arsenic, botulinum toxin, and tetanus toxicity, snake, scorpion, spider, wasp, and bee stings are important tropical neurotoxic syndromes whose prompt diagnosis and effective therapy are crucial in life-saving

ix. NEUROGENETICS AND PROTEOMICS:

Autosomal dominant and recessive and X-linked inheritance patterns, disorders of chromosomal anomalies, Gene mutations, trinucleotide repeats, dysregulation of gene expressions, enzyme deficiency syndromes, storage disorders, disorders of polygenic inheritance, and proteomics in health and disease

x. NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY:

Basic methodologies in community and hospital-based neuroepidemiological studies such as systematic data collection, analysis, derivation of logical conclusions, concepts of case-control and cohort studies, correlations, regressions, and survival analysis; basic principles of clinical trials. 9 snake envenomation

b. CLINICAL NEUROLOGY INCLUDING PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY AND NEURO PSYCHIATRY.

i. GENERAL EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT

The science and art of history taking, Physical Examination including elements of accurate history taking, symptoms associated with neurological disease, The physical examination of adults, children, infants, and neonates, syndromes associated with congenital and acquired neurological disease, cutaneous markers, examination of unconscious patients, examination of higher mental functions, cranial nerves, the ocular fundus, examination of tone, power of muscles, proper elicitation of superficial and deep reflexes including the alternate techniques and neonatal and released reflexes, neurodevelopmental assessment of children, sensory system, peripheral nerves, signs of Meningeal irritation, skull and spine examination including measurement of head circumference, shortness of neck and carotid pulsations .and vertebral bruits.

o COMA

Pathophysiology and diagnosis of COMA, Diagnosis, and management of coma, delirium and acute confusional states, reversible and irreversible causes, persistent vegetative states and brain death, neurophysiological evaluation and confirmation of these states and mechanical ventilation and other supportive measures of comatose patient and prevention of complications of prolonged coma. The significance of timely brain death in organ donation and ICU resource utilization

o SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY and SYNCOPES

Diagnosis of seizures, epilepsy, and epileptic syndromes, Recognition, clinical assessment, and management of seizures especially their electrodiagnosis, video monitoring with emphasis on phenomenology and their correlation with EEG and structural and functional brain imaging such as CT and MRI, and fMRI, and SPECT scan, Special situations such as epilepsy in pregnant and nursing mothers, driving, risky occupations, its social stigmas differentiation from pseudoseizures, use of conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs, their drug interactions and adverse effects, etc., modern lines of management of intractable epilepsies, such as ketogenic diet, vagal nerve stimulation, epilepsy surgery and about the presurgical evaluation of patients. Management of status epilepticus and refractory status epilepticus; Differentiation of seizures from syncopes, drop attacks, cataplexy, startles, etc.

o HEADACHES AND OTHER CRANIAL NEURALGIAS

Acquisition of skills in the analysis of headaches of various causes such as those from raised intracranial pressures, migraines, cranial neuralgias, vascular malformations, Meningeal irritation, psychogenic, etc., and their proper pharmacologic management.

ii. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Vascular anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, various causes and types of cerebrovascular syndromes, ischemic and hemorrhagic types, arterial and venous types, anterior and posterior circulation strokes, OCSP and TOAST classifications, investigations of strokes including neuroimaging using dopplers, CT and MR imaging and angiography, acute stroke therapy including thrombolytic therapy, interventional therapy of cerebrovascular diseases, principles of management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. Special situations Pathophysiology and diagnosis of COMA, Diagnosis, and management of coma, delirium and acute confusional states, reversible and irreversible causes, persistent vegetative states and brain death, neurophysiological evaluation and confirmation of these states and mechanical ventilation and other supportive measures of comatose patient and prevention of complications of prolonged coma. The significance of timely brain death in organ donation and ICU resource utilization

o SEI ZURES AND EPILEPSY and SYNCOPES

Diagnosis of seizures, epilepsy, and epileptic syndromes, Recognition, clinical assessment, and management of seizures especially their electrodiagnosis, video monitoring with emphasis on phenomenology and their correlation with EEG and structural and functional brain imaging such as CT and MRI, and fMRI, and SPECT scan, Special situations such as epilepsy in pregnant and nursing mothers, driving, risky occupations, its social stigmas differentiation from pseudoseizures, use of conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs, their drug interactions and adverse effects, etc., modern lines of management of intractable epilepsies, such as ketogenic diet, vagal nerve stimulation, epilepsy surgery and about the presurgical evaluation of patients. Management of status epilepticus and refractory status epilepticus; Differentiation of seizures from syncopes, drop attacks, cataplexy, startles, etc.

o HEADACHES AND OTHER CRANIAL NEURALGIAS

Acquisition of skills in the analysis of headaches of various causes such as those from raised intracranial pressures, migraines, cranial neuralgias, vascular malformations, Meningeal irritation, psychogenic, etc., and their proper pharmacologic management.

ii. CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES

Vascular anatomy of the brain and spinal cord, various causes and types of cerebrovascular syndromes, ischemic and hemorrhagic types, arterial and venous types, anterior and posterior circulation strokes, OCSP and TOAST classifications, investigations of strokes including neuroimaging using dopplers, CT and MR imaging and angiography, acute stroke therapy including thrombolytic therapy, interventional therapy of cerebrovascular diseases, principles of management of subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. Special situations like strokes in the young, Strategies for primary and secondary prevention of stroke

iii. DEMENTIAS

Concept of minimal cognitive impairment, Reversible and irreversible dementias, causes such as Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases and vascular and nutritional and infectious dementias, their impact on individual, family and in society, Genetic and familial syndromes. Pharmacotherapy of dementias, Potential roles of cognitive rehabilitation and special care of the disabled

iv. PARKINSONISM AND MOVEMENT DISORDERS

Disorders of the extrapyramidal system such as parkinsonism, chorea, dystonias, athetosis, tics, their diagnosis and management, pharmacotherapy of parkinsonism and its complications, management of complications of parkinsonism therapy, including principles of deep brain stimulation and lesionalsurgeries. Use of EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy, management of spasticity using intrathecal baclofen and TENS.

v. ATAXIC SYNDROMES:

Para infectious demyelinations, cerebellar tumors, hereditary ataxias, vestibular disorders; Diagnosis and management of brainstem disorders, axial and extra-axial differentiation. `

vi. CRANIAL NEUROPATHIES:

Disorders of smell, vision, visual pathways, pupllarypatheays and reflexes, internuclear and supranuclear ophthalmoplegia; other oculomotor disorders, trigeminal nerve testing, Bell's palsy, differentiation from UMN facial lesions, brainstem reflexes, Investigations of vertigo and dizziness, differentiation between central and peripheral vertigo, Differential diagnosis of nystagmus, investigations of deafness, bulbar and pseudobulbar syndromes,

vii. CNS INFECTIONS:

Diagnosis and management of viral encephalitis, meningitis: bacterial, tuberculous, fungal, parasitic infections such as cysticercosis, cerebral malaria, SSPE, Neuro HIV primary and secondary infections with exposure to gram stain and cultures, bac tec, QBC, ELISA, and PCR technologies

viii. NEUROIMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES

Diagnosis and management of CNS conditions such as Multiple sclerosis, PNS conditions such as GBS, CIDP, Myasthenia gravis, polymyositis

ix. NEUROGENETIC DISORDERS

Various chromosomal diseases, single gene mutations such as enzyme deficiencies, autosomal dominant and recessive conditions, X-linked disorders, trinucleotide repeats, and disorders of DNA repair. Genetics of Huntington's disease, familial dementias, other storage disorders, hereditary ataxias, hereditary spastic paraplegias, HMSN, muscular dystrophies, mitochondrial inheritance disorders

x. DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM

Neuronal migration disorders, craniovertebral junction diseases, spinal dysraphisms, phacomatoses, and other neurocutaneous syndromes- their recognition and management.

xi. MYELOPATHIES

Clinical diagnosis of distinction between compressive and non-compressive myelopathies, spinal syndromes such as anterior cord, subacute combined degeneration, central cord syndrome, Brown-secured syndrome, tabetic syndrome, Ellsberg phenomenon. Diagnosis of the spinal cord and root compression syndromes, CV junction lesions, syringomyelia, conuscauda lesions, spinal AVMs, tropical and hereditary spastic paraplegias, and Fluorosis.

xii. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES

Immune-mediated, hereditary, toxic, nutritional, and infectious type peripheral neuropathies; their clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis

xiii. MYOPATHIES AND NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION DISORDERS

Clinical evaluation of patients with known or suspected muscle diseases aided by EMG, muscle pathology, histochemistry, immunopathology, and genetic studies. Dystrophies, polymyositis, channelopathies, congenital and mitochondrial myopathies. Neuromuscular junction disorders such as myasthenia, botulism, Eaton-lambert syndrome, and snake eandorgganphosphorus poisoning, their electrophysiological diagnosis, and management. Myotonia, stiff person syndrome.

xiv. PEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY:

Normal development of motor and mental milestones in a child, Cerebral palsy, Attention deficit disorder, Autism, developmental dyslexias, Intrauterine TORCH infections, Storage disorders, Inborn errors of metabolism affecting the nervous system, developmental malformations, Child hood seizures and epilepsies, neurodegenerative diseases.

xv. COGNITIVE NEUROLOGY AND NEUROPSYCHIATRY:

Detailed techniques of higher mental functions evaluation, basics of primary and secondary neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, acute psychosis, acute confusional reactions (delirium), organic brain syndrome, primary and secondary dementias, differentiation from pseudodementia, Anxiety disorders, Hysteria and personality disorders, depression and Bipolar disease, Schizophrenia Delusional, and paranoid state

xvi. TROPICAL NEUROLOGY

Conditions that are specifically found in the tropics like neuro cysticercosis, cerebral malaria, tropical spastic paraplegia, Snake/scorpion/ Chandipura encephalitis, Madras Motor Neuron disease, etc. will be dealt with in special detail in the curriculum

c. DIAGNOSTIC AND INTERVENTIONAL NEUROLOGY INCLUDING NEUROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTATION

i. DIAGNOSTIC NEUROLOG

Performing and interpreting Digital Electroneurogram, Electromyogram, Evoked potentials, Electroencephalography, Interpretation of skull and spine X-rays, computerized tomography of brain and spine, Magnetic resonance images of the brain including correct identification of various sequences, angiograms, MR spectroscopy, basics of functional MRI, Interpretation of digital subtraction imaging, SPECT scans of the brain, subdural EEG recording, transsphenoidal electrode EEG Techniques for temporal lobe seizures, video EEG interpretation of phenomenology and EEG-phenomenology correlations, EEG telemetry, Transcranial Doppler diagnosis and monitoring of acute ischemic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, detection of right-to-left shunts, etc; Colour duplex scanning in Carotid and vertebral extracranial segment screening

ii. NEUROINSTRUMENTATIONS

To acquire skills in Procedures like a)intrathecal administration of antispasticity drugs, beta interferons in demyelination, opiates in intractable pain, etc., b) EMG-guided Botox therapy for dystonias, c) subcutaneous administration of antimigraine and antiparkinsonian drugs d) Intraarterial thrombolysis in extended windows of thrombolysis in ischemic strokes, e) Transcranial Ultrasound clot-bust intervention in a registry in acute stroke care unit e) Planing in deep brain stimulation therapy in uncontrolled dyskinesias and onoff phenomena in long-standing parkinsonism f) Planning in vagal nerve stimulation in intractable epilepsy

d. RECENT ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGY: ADVANCES IN NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES, BIONICS IN NEURAL PROSTHESIS AND REHABILITATION, NEUROPROTEOMICS AND NEUROGENETICS, STEM CELL AND GENE Y, GENE THERAPY

i. ADVANCES IN NEUROIMAGING TECHNIQUES:

Integration of CT, MR, and SPECT images with each other and with EEG, EVOKED potentials based brain maps in structural and functional localization in neurological phenomena and diseases, Fluorescent ye tagged study of neurons in diseases in animal models in vivo and tissue cultures in-vitro.

ii. BIONICS IN NEURAL PROSTHESIS AND REHABILITATION:

Advanced techniques in neurorehabilitation such as TENS, principles of man-machine interphase devices in the cord, nerve and plexus injuries, cochlear implants, and artificial vision.

iii. NEUROPROTEOMICS AND NEUROGENETICS:

Brain functions are regulated by proteomics and genomics linked to various proteins and genes relevant to the brain, the body's maximum number of proteins and genes are expressed in the brain as neurotransmitters or channel proteins and predisposing the brain to several disorders of abnormal functioning of these proteins.

iv. STEM CELL AND GENE THERAPY:

Principles of ongoing experiments on stem cell therapy for nervous system disorders such as fetal brain tissue transplants in parkinsonism; intrathecal marrow transplants in MND, MS, and Spinal trauma; myoblasts infusion therapy in dystrophies

Career Options

After completing a DrNB in Neurology, candidates will get
employment opportunities in Government and the Private sector.

In the Government sector,
candidates have various options to choose from which include Registrar, Senior
Resident, Demonstrator, Tutor, etc.

While in the Private sector, the
options include Resident Doctor, Consultant, Visiting Consultant (Neurology),
Junior Consultant, Senior Consultant (Neurology),
etc.

Courses After DrNB
in Neurology Course

DrNB in Neurology is a specialization course that
can be pursued after finishing a Postgraduate medical course. After pursuing a specialization in DrNB in Neurology,
a candidate could also pursue certificate courses and Fellowship programs
recognized by NMC and NBE, where DrNB in
Neurology is a feeder qualification.

These include:

• Fellowship in Neurology
• Ph.D. (Neurophysiology)
• Ph.D. (Clinical Neuroscience)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) – DrNB
in Neurology Course

Question: What is the complete form of DrNB?

Answer: The full form of DrNB is a Doctorate of
National Board.

Question: What is a DrNB in Neurology?

Answer: DrNB Neurology or Doctorate of National Board
in Neurology also known as DrNB in Neurology is a super specialty level course for doctors in India that is done by
them after completion of their postgraduate medical degree course.

Question: What is the duration of a DrNB in Neurology?

Answer: DrNB in Neurology is a
super specialty program of three years.

Question: What is the eligibility of a DrNB in Neurology?

Answer: Candidates must have a postgraduate medical Degree in MD/DNB (General Medicine) or MD/DNB (Paediatrics), this feeder qualification mentioned here is as of 2022. For any further changes to the prerequisite requirement please refer to the NBE website.

Question:
What is the scope of a DrNB in Neurology?

Answer:
DrNB in Neurology offers candidates
various employment opportunities and career prospects.

Question:
What is the average salary for a DrNB in
Neurology candidate?

Answer:
The DrNB in Neurology candidate's
average salary is Rs.6,00,000 – Rs.60,00,000 per annum depending on the
experience.

Question: Can you teach after completing DrNB Course?

Answer: Yes, the candidate can teach in a medical
college/hospital after completing the DrNB course.

One of them is Magna Elena Ramos, who lives in San Carlos, where the Ministry of Public Health (MSP) identified two positive individuals of Haitian origin with the disease last Friday. She is concerned about the disease’s potential for harm. “It’s dangerous if you don’t attend to yourself on time, which is why you have to eat healthy and nothing from the street,” she explained.

Another resident of the sector who only eats food prepared at home José de la Rosa said that street food is the most likely to spread the disease. “You can’t get it at home, but if you eat nonsense on the streets, you’ll get it because they’re not made with the same hygiene,” he said emphatically. Santiago Nuñez, who also lives in San Carlos, has urged authorities to stop the spread of cholera to prevent more cases, particularly among children, the elderly, and people with pre-existing diseases, who are the most vulnerable to death. Similarly, the gentleman urged citizens to follow the recommendations of the health portfolio and specialists to combat the condition.

Because suspicious cases have emerged, some Villas Agricolas residents are also tightening hygiene standards to avoid being included in the bacterial condition’s statistical reports. This is what Ramón Fernández is doing, who has made washing his hands before eating and after using the restroom a daily priority to avoid contracting the disease. Similarly, Julio de Los Santos, who has lived in the neighborhood for years, stated that the population must help the government contain the contagion by taking the necessary precautions.

 

According to the 1,024 reports of the General Directorate of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Public Health, in the last 24 hours, 1,310 tests were performed, of which 1,292 were antigenic and another 18 were Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), of which 817 were performed for the first time, and 493 were subsequent.

216 new cases of COVID in the past 24 hours

COVID Statistics
Daily positivity levels remain at 7.47%, while that of the last four weeks stands at 10.26%, and the lethality of the virus is 0.66%, with 4,384 deaths in total, with the last death recorded over half a year ago in the month of June 2022.

Hospital occupancy also shows a decrease in statistics, as only 17 occupied beds in the COVID network and four intensive care units, while no mechanical ventilators are in use.

It inflicts collective trauma on the society, and this is readily apparent in the immediate aftermath of sudden death episodes, especially in places like Jamaica with poorly coordinated emergency response networks and weak cardiovascular care infrastructure where happy endings are not usually the case as opposed to the illustrative cases in the USA and Denmark. It exposes our collective vulnerability and impotence in responding to such a public health concern.

Take for instance 24-year-old NFL player Damar Hamlin who, after suffering a sudden cardiac arrest during a Buffalo Bills game earlier in the week, remains in critical condition in the intensive care unit but is showing signs of improvement. Hamlin benefited from prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation and his heartbeat was restored on the field before he was transported to the University of Cincinnati Medical Centre where he remains sedated and on a ventilator. The cause of his cardiac arrest remains unclear.

Here in Jamaica, the sudden death of Richard Bernal, Jamaica's former ambassador to the United States, was reported just a short while ago, apparently from cardiac arrest. Bernal reportedly collapsed while walking in Norbrook, St Andrew, with his wife. It is unclear if cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated and to what extent resuscitative efforts were administered.

In April 2021 we published an article in our column here highlighting sudden death and proffered recommendations for a systematic approach to reducing the risk of sudden death within the population. In June 2021 we followed up with another article on cardiac arrest in the young following the cardiac arrest episode of young Christian Erickson, a Danish footballer who suffered a sudden death episode on the pitch at Parken in Copenhagen during his side's Euro 2020 Group B match with Finland. This tragic event was telecast to a live audience of thousands of viewers around the world. Fortunately, as with the 24-year-old Damar Hamlin, the 29-year-old midfielder was successfully resuscitated and was fitted with a heart starter, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to protect him from further sudden death episodes. In a testament to modern science and good quality health care, in January 2022 Erickson returned to the Premier League as he signed a six-month contract with newly promoted Brentford. This is validation of the need to develop a functional cardiovascular care infrastructure even here on our own island.

It is imperative therefore that we must continue to work towards resolving the friction points that impede rapid access to appropriate care while concomitantly working to encourage the development of high-quality health-care systems anchored on international standards and best practices. Even though many causes of sudden death are not fully characterised, most sudden death episodes have an underlying cardiovascular cause, so improving overall cardiovascular prevention and treatment strategies within the population will have a major impact in identifying individuals at risk for sudden death and will help in proactively acting to reduce or mitigate those risks.

Understanding sudden death syndrome (SDS)

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a generic phrase used to define a complex group of cardiac-related conditions that predispose individuals to cardiac arrest, and ultimately death, in the absence of prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by definitive care in a cardiac intensive care unit — which most likely would include prompt placement of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. While cardiac arrest is not the same thing as a heart attack it must be noted that a heart attack may lead to sudden death, and so in both situations timely intervention is critical to prevent death.

Cardiac arrest remains a public health crisis. According to a recent report from the American Heart Association (AHA) titled Heart and Stroke Statistics-2022 Update, more than 356,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) occur annually in the US, nearly 90 per cent of them fatal. The incidence of non-traumatic OHCA in people of any age attended by emergency medical personnel in the USA is estimated to be 356,461, or nearly 1,000 people each day. Survival to hospital discharge after EMS-treated cardiac arrest is only about 10 per cent. Figures for Jamaica are unknown but most likely not comforting.

It is estimated that sudden cardiac death occurs every three days in the United States among competitive athletes. We do not have reliable information on the prevalence of sudden cardiac death among athletes in Jamaica but, based on media reports, we believe that the incidence is rising both for young athletes and the general population.

The frequency at which sudden death episodes occur by sex, age, race, nationality, and sport is also not fully clarified. However, an estimated 3-15 per cent of athletes at risk for sudden death may be identified through structured and standardised screening. Such young athletes may benefit from structured evaluation using the HIC Play Smart Cardiovascular Screening programme which provides systematic evaluation with a structured medical history and examination, complemented with other cardiovascular diagnostic testing modalities including echocardiograms, stress testing and ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring as directed by the risk profile. This template can serve as a foundation for an organised national screening programme for Jamaica.

There are several challenges to understanding the epidemiology of cardiac arrest. Despite being a leading cause of death in many countries, there are currently no global standards for surveillance to monitor the incidence and outcomes of cardiac arrest. Currently, registries and clinical trials are the only tools used to provide best estimates.

Structural abnormalities in the heart or problems with the electrical channels and conduction systems in the heart account for many cases of sudden death. Heart function depends on proper function and synchronic coordination of the electrical and mechanical systems of the heart. Any disturbance in the origination or transmission of electrical signals will ultimately impair the mechanical function and may predispose individuals to sudden death episodes. Some of these disorders may have genetic or familial predispositions and, in such cases, clusters of sudden death episodes may be seen within families. Because many individuals at risk may appear healthy and are asymptomatic or have infrequent symptoms, many people at risk may not be recognised until a sudden death episode occurs.

Next week we will look at who is at risk for sudden death and recognising early symptoms of sudden death.

Dr Ernest Madu, MD, FACC and Dr Paul Edwards, MD, FACC are consultant cardiologists for the Heart Institute of the Caribbean (HIC) and HIC Heart Hospital. HIC is the regional centre of excellence for cardiovascular care in the English-speaking Caribbean and has pioneered a transformation in the way cardiovascular care is delivered in the region. HIC Heart Hospital is registered by the Ministry of Health and Wellness and is the only heart hospital in Jamaica. Send correspondence to info@caribbeanheart.com or call 876-906-2107